Home Database Mysql Tutorial 在MySQL数据库中使用C执行SQL的语句_MySQL

在MySQL数据库中使用C执行SQL的语句_MySQL

Jun 01, 2016 pm 01:54 PM
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与 PostgreSQL 相似,可使用许多不同的语言来访问 MySQL,包括 C、C++、Java 和 Perl。从 Professional Linux Programming 中第 5 章有关 MySQL 的下列章节中,Neil Matthew 和 Richard Stones 使用详尽的 MySQL C 接口向我们介绍了如何在 MySQL 数据库中执行 SQL 语句。他们将看看返回数据的语句,例如 INSERT 以及不返回数据的语句,例如 UPDATE 和 DELETE。然后,他们将编写从数据库检索数据的简单程序。
  
  执行 SQL 语句
  现在,我们已经有了一个连接,并且知道如何处理错误,是时候讨论使用我们的数据库来作一些实际工作了。执行所有类型的 SQL 的主关键字是 mysql_query:
  
  int mysql_query(MYSQL *connection, const char *query)
  
  正如您所见,它非常简单。它取一个指向连接结构的指针和包含要执行的 SQL 的文本字符串;与命令行工具不同,将不使用结束分号。成功之后,返回 0。在需要包含二进制数据的特殊情况下,可以使用相关的函数,mysql_real_query。虽然出于本章的目的,我们仅需要讨论 mysql_query。
  
  不返回数据的 SQL 语句
  我们将先讨论 UPDATE、DELETE 和 INSERT 语句。因为它们不返回数据,所以更易于使用。
  
  这里我们将介绍的另一个重要函数是检查受影响的行数的函数:
  
  my_ulonglong mysql_affected_rows(MYSQL *connection);
  
  可能关于这一函数的最显而易见的事就是其非同寻常的返回结果。由于可移植性原因,这是一个特殊的无符号类型。为了在 printf 中使用,建议将其强制转换成使用 %lu 格式规范的无符号长整数。这个函数返回受以前的 UPDATE、INSERT 或 DELETE 查询影响的行数,这些查询是使用 mysql_query 执行的。
  
  通常对于 mysql_ 函数,返回码 0 表示没有行受影响;正数表示实际结果,通常是受影响的行数。
  
  如前所述,当使用 mysql_affected_rows 时可能出现未期望的结果。让我们先讨论受 INSERT 语句影响的行数,它将按预期进行操作。将下列代码添加到程序 connect2.c 中,并且称其为 insert1.c:
  
  #include
     #include
  
     #include "mysql.h"
  
     int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
      MYSQL my_connection;
  
      int res;
  
      mysql_init(&my_connection);
      if (mysql_real_connect(&my_connection, "localhost",
                 
                  "rick", "bar", "rick", 0, NULL, 0)) {
        printf("Connection success/n");
  
        res = mysql_query(&my_connection, "INSERT INTO children(fname,age)
                             
                                VALUES('Ann',3)");
        if (!res) {
        
         printf("Inserted %lu rows/n",
             (unsigned long)mysql_affected_rows(&my_connection));
        } else {
        
       fprintf(stderr, "Insert error %d: s/n",mysql_errno(&my_connection),             
                          mysql_error(&my_connection));
        }
  
        mysql_close(&my_connection);
      } else {
       
       fprintf(stderr, "Connection failed/n");
        if (mysql_errno(&my_connection)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Connection error %d: %s/n",
          mysql_errno(&my_connection),mysql_error(&my_connection));
        }
      }
  
      return EXIT_SUCCESS;
    }
  
  
  正如预期,插入的行数为 1。
  
  现在,我们更改代码,所以 'insert' 部分被替换成:
  
  mysql_errno(&my_connection), mysql_error(&my_connection));
      }
     }
  
     res = mysql_query(&my_connection, "UPDATE children SET AGE = 4
    
  WHERE fname = 'Ann'");
  
     if (!res) {
      printf("Updated %lu rows/n",
              
  (unsigned long)mysql_affected_rows(&my_connection));
     } else {
     
  fprintf(stderr, "Update error %d: %s/n",
  mysql_errno(&my_connection)

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