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MySQL字符集_MySQL

Jun 01, 2016 pm 01:53 PM
database server data sheet

  MySQL的字符集支持(Character Set Support)有两个方面:

  字符集(Character set)和排序方式(Collation)。

  对于字符集的支持细化到四个层次:

  服务器(server),数据库(database),数据表(table)和连接(connection)。

  1.MySQL的默认字符集

  MySQL对于字符集的指定可以细化到一个数据库,一张表,一列,应该用什么字符集。

  但是,传统的程序在创建数据库和数据表时并没有使用那么复杂的配置,它们用的是默认的配置,那么,默认的配置从何而来呢?

  (1)编译MySQL 时,指定了一个默认的字符集,这个字符集是 latin1;

  (2)安装MySQL 时,可以在配置文件 (my.ini) 中指定一个默认的的字符集,如果没指定,这个值继承自编译时指定的;

  (3)启动mysqld 时,可以在命令行参数中指定一个默认的的字符集,如果没指定,这个值继承自配置文件中的配置,此时character_set_server被设定为这个默认的字符集;

  (4)当创建一个新的数据库时,除非明确指定,这个数据库的字符集被缺省设定为character_set_server;

  (5)当选定了一个数据库时,character_set_database被设定为这个数据库默认的字符集;

  (6)在这个数据库里创建一张表时,表默认的字符集被设定为character_set_database,也就是这个数据库默认的字符集;

  (7)当在表内设置一栏时,除非明确指定,否则此栏缺省的字符集就是表默认的字符集;

  简单的总结一下,如果什么地方都不修改,那么所有的数据库的所有表的所有栏位的都用 latin1 存储,不过我们如果安装 MySQL,一般都会选择多语言支持,也就是说,安装程序会自动在配置文件中把default_character_set设置为 UTF-8,这保证了缺省情况下,所有的数据库的所有表的所有栏位的都用 UTF-8 存储。

  2.查看默认字符集(默认情况下,mysql的字符集是latin1(ISO_8859_1)

  通常,查看系统的字符集和排序方式的设定可以通过下面的两条命令:

   mysql>SHOWVARIABLESLIKE'character%';
  +--------------------------+---------------------------------+
  |Variable_name|Value|
  +--------------------------+---------------------------------+
  |character_set_client|latin1|
  |character_set_connection|latin1|
  |character_set_database|latin1|
  |character_set_filesystem|binary|
  |character_set_results|latin1|
  |character_set_server|latin1|
  |character_set_system|utf8|
  |character_sets_dir|D:"mysql-5.0.37"share"charsets"|
  +--------------------------+---------------------------------+
  mysql>SHOWVARIABLESLIKE'collation_%';
  +----------------------+-----------------+
  |Variable_name|Value|
  +----------------------+-----------------+
  |collation_connection|utf8_general_ci|
  |collation_database|utf8_general_ci|
  |collation_server|utf8_general_ci|
  +----------------------+-----------------+

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