The storage mechanism and tuning method of .ibd files in MySQL

The storage mechanism and tuning method of .ibd files in MySQL

MySQL is a commonly used relational database management system, in which the data table files are in . Storage in ibd format. In MySQL, the .ibd file is a table space file unique to the InnoDB storage engine, used to store the data and indexes of the InnoDB table. Understanding the storage mechanism of .ibd files and performing corresponding tuning is one of the keys to improving database performance and stability.

1. Storage mechanism of .ibd file

1. InnoDB storage engine

InnoDB is one of the most commonly used storage engines in MySQL, which supports transactions , row-level locks, foreign keys and other features, so it performs well in scenarios with high concurrency and large data volumes. In the InnoDB storage engine, each table has an .ibd file for storing data and indexes.

2. .ibd file structure

.ibd file consists of multiple pages, and the size of each page is usually 16KB. In the .ibd file, there are the following types of pages:

• Data page: stores the data records of the table
• Index page: stores the index information of the table
• undo page: used to implement transaction rollback operations
• Insertion buffer page: used to temporarily store inserted data and improve writing performance

When the data table is added, deleted, or modified , the corresponding data pages and index pages will change, and the InnoDB engine will use the multi-version concurrency control (MVCC) mechanism to ensure data consistency and isolation.

3. Management of .ibd files

In the MySQL database, .ibd files can be managed in the following ways:

• Specify when creating a table The storage engine is InnoDB: CREATE TABLE table_name ENGINE=InnoDB;
• View the .ibd file path of the table: SHOW TABLE STATUS LIKE 'table_name';
• Manually adjust the size of the .ibd file: ALTER TABLE table_name ROW_FORMAT=COMPRESSED KEY_BLOCK_SIZE=8;

2. Tuning method of .ibd file

1. Reasonably design the table structure

Good Table structure design is critical to database performance. It is necessary to avoid overly large single tables and too many redundant fields, and to rationally use indexes and other measures to improve query efficiency.

2. Optimize SQL query statements

The efficiency of SQL query statements directly affects the performance of the database. SQL queries can be optimized by properly designing indexes, avoiding full table scans, and reducing unnecessary joint queries.

3. Regularly clean up unnecessary data

Regularly clean up unnecessary data in the database, such as expired logs, invalid users, etc., which can reduce the burden on the database and improve performance.

4. Monitor database performance

Regularly monitor the performance indicators of the database, such as IO waiting, query response time, etc., discover and solve problems in a timely manner, and improve the stability and performance of the database .

The above is an introduction to the storage mechanism and tuning methods of .ibd files in MySQL. I hope it will be helpful to you. In practical applications, it is necessary to select appropriate tuning methods according to specific situations, continuously optimize database performance, and improve system stability and reliability.

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