Home Database Mysql Tutorial @@IDENTITY与SCOPE_IDENTITY()_MySQL

@@IDENTITY与SCOPE_IDENTITY()_MySQL

Jun 01, 2016 pm 01:48 PM

  在一条 INSERT、SELECT INTO 或大容量复制语句完成后,@@IDENTITY 中包含语句生成的最后一个标识值。如果语句未影响任何包含标识列的表,则 @@IDENTITY 返回 NULL。如果插入了多个行,生成了多个标识值,则 @@IDENTITY 将返回最后生成的标识值。如果语句触发了一个或多个触发器,该触发器又执行了生成标识值的插入操作,那么,在语句执行后立即调用 @@IDENTITY 将返回触发器生成的最后一个标识值。如果对包含标识列的表执行插入操作后触发了触发器,并且触发器对另一个没有标识列的表执行了插入操作,则 @@IDENTITY 将返回第一次插入的标识值。出现 INSERT 或 SELECT INTO 语句失败或大容量复制失败,或者事务被回滚的情况时,@@IDENTITY 值不会恢复为以前的设置。

  如果语句和事务失败,它们会更改表的当前标识,从而使标识列中的值出现不连贯现象。即使未提交试图向表中插入值的事务,也永远无法回滚标识值。例如,如果因 IGNORE_DUP_KEY 冲突而导致 INSERT 语句失败,表的当前标识值仍然会增加。

  @@IDENTITY、SCOPE_IDENTITY 和 IDENT_CURRENT 是相似的函数,因为他们都返回插入到表的 IDENTITY 列的最后一个值。

  @@IDENTITY 和 SCOPE_IDENTITY 可以返回当前会话中的所有表中生成的最后一个标识值。但是,SCOPE_IDENTITY 只在当前作用域内返回值,而 @@IDENTITY 不限于特定的作用域。

  IDENT_CURRENT 不受作用域和会话的限制,而受限于指定的表。IDENT_CURRENT 可以返回任何会话和任何作用域中为特定表生成的标识值。

  @@IDENTITY 函数的作用域是执行该函数的本地服务器上的当前会话。此函数不能应用于远程或链接服务器。若要获得其他服务器上的标识值,请在远程服务器或链接服务器上执行存储过程,并使(在远程或链接服务器的环境中执行的)该存储过程收集标识值,并将其返回本地服务器上的发出调用的连接。

  以下示例向包含标识列 (LocationID) 的表中插入一行,并使用 @@IDENTITY 显示新行中使用的标识值:

USE AdventureWorks;
GO
--Display the value of LocationID in the last row in the table.
SELECT MAX(LocationID) FROM Production.Location;
GO
INSERT INTO Production.Location (Name, CostRate, Availability, ModifiedDate)
VALUES ('Damaged Goods', 5, 2.5, GETDATE());
GO
SELECT @@IDENTITY AS 'Identity';
GO
--Display the value of LocationID of the newly inserted row.
SELECT MAX(LocationID) FROM Production.Location;
GO
Copy after login

  补充:

  我们要慎用@@IDENTITY,原因是 @@IDENTITY 它总是获取最后一条变更数据的自增字段的值,而忽略了进行变更操作所在的范围约束。比如,我有表 A 和表 B 两个表,现在我在表 A 上定义了一个Insert触发器,当在表 A 中插入一条数据时,自动在表 B 也插入一条数据。此时,大家注意,有两个原子操作:在A中插入一条数据, 接着在B中随后插入一条数据。

  现在我们想下,假设上面表 A 和表 B 都有IDENTITY自增域,那么我们在表 A 插入一条数据后,使用了 SELECT @@IDENTITY 输出时,输出的到底是 A 还是 B 的自增域的值呢?  答案很明显,是谁最后插入就输出谁,那么就是 B 了。于是,我本意是想得到 A 的自增域值,结果得到了 B 的自增域值,一只 BUG 随之诞生,搞不好还会影响到整个系统数据的混乱。

  因此,对于这种情况,建议大家慎用 @@IDENTITY,而尽量采用 SCOPE_IDENTITY() 函数替换之。SCOPE_IDENTITY() 也是得到最后一条自增域的值,但是它是仅限在一个操作范围之内,而不@@IDENTITY 是取全局操作的最后一步操作所产生的自增域的值的。

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