MySQL中varchar最大长度简析_MySQL
bitsCN.com
MySQL中varchar最大长度简析 被问到一个问题:MySQL中varchar最大长度是多少?
这不是一个固定的数字。本文简要说明一下限制规则。
1、限制规则字段的限制在字段定义的时候有以下规则: a) 存储限制varchar 字段是将实际内容单独存储在聚簇索引之外,内容开头用1到2个字节表示实际长度(长度超过255时需要2个字节),因此最大长度不能超过65535。 b) 编码长度限制字符类型若为gbk,每个字符最多占2个字节,最大长度不能超过32766;字符类型若为utf8,每个字符最多占3个字节,最大长度不能超过21845。若定义的时候超过上述限制,则varchar字段会被强行转为text类型,并产生warning。 c) 行长度限制导致实际应用中varchar长度限制的是一个行定义的长度。 MySQL要求一个行的定义长度不能超过65535。若定义的表长度超过这个值,则提示ERROR 1118 (42000): Row size too large. The maximum row size for the used table type, not counting BLOBs, is 65535. You have to change some columns to TEXT or BLOBs。 2、计算例子举两个例说明一下实际长度的计算。 a) 若一个表只有一个varchar类型,如定义为create table t4(c varchar(N)) charset=gbk;则此处N的最大值为(65535-1-2)/2= 32766。减1的原因是实际行存储从第二个字节开始’;减2的原因是varchar头部的2个字节表示长度;除2的原因是字符编码是gbk。 b) 若一个表定义为create table t4(c int, c2 char(30), c3 varchar(N)) charset=utf8;则此处N的最大值为 (65535-1-2-4-30*3)/3=21812减1和减2与上例相同;减4的原因是int类型的c占4个字节;减30*3的原因是char(30)占用90个字节,编码是utf8。 如果被varchar超过上述的b规则,被强转成text类型,则每个字段占用定义长度为11字节,当然这已经不是“varchar”了。 作者 丁林.tb bitsCN.com

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