Home System Tutorial LINUX Extract substring under Bash

Extract substring under Bash

Mar 04, 2024 am 09:02 AM
linux linux tutorial Red Hat linux system linux command linux certification red hat linux linux video

Extract substring under Bash
本文会向你展示在 bash shell 中如何获取或者说查找出子字符串。

在 Bash 中抽取子字符串

其语法为:

## 格式 ##
${parameter:offset:length}
Copy after login

子字符串扩展是 bash 的一项功能。它会扩展成 parameter 值中以 offset 为开始,长为 length 个字符的字符串。 假设, $u 定义如下:

## 定义变量 u ##
u="this is a test"
Copy after login

那么下面参数的子字符串扩展会抽取出子字符串:

var="${u:10:4}"
echo "${var}"
Copy after login

结果为:

test
Copy after login

其中这些参数分别表示:

10 : 偏移位置
4 : 长度

使用 IFS

根据 bash 的 man 页说明:

IFS (内部字段分隔符)用于在扩展后进行单词分割,并用内建的 read 命令将行分割为词。默认值是。

另一种 POSIX 就绪POSIX ready的方案如下:

u="this is a test"
set -- $u
echo "$1"
echo "$2"
echo "$3"
echo "$4"
Copy after login

输出为:

this
is
a
test
Copy after login

下面是一段 bash 代码,用来从 Cloudflare cache 中去除带主页的 url。

#!/bin/bash
####################################################
## Author - Vivek Gite {https://www.cyberciti.biz/}
## Purpose - Purge CF cache
## License - Under GPL ver 3.x+
####################################################
## set me first ##
zone_id="YOUR_ZONE_ID_HERE"
api_key="YOUR_API_KEY_HERE"
email_id="YOUR_EMAIL_ID_HERE"
## hold data ##
home_url=""
amp_url=""
urls="$@"
## Show usage
[ "$urls" == "" ] && { echo "Usage: $0 url1 url2 url3"; exit 1; }
## Get home page url as we have various sub dirs on domain
## /tips/
## /faq/
get_home_url(){
local u="$1"
IFS='/'
set -- $u
echo "${1}${IFS}${IFS}${3}${IFS}${4}${IFS}"
}
echo
echo "Purging cache from Cloudflare。.。"
echo
for u in $urls
do
home_url="$(get_home_url $u)"
amp_url="${u}amp/"
curl -X DELETE "https://api.cloudflare.com/client/v4/zones/${zone_id}/purge_cache" \
-H "X-Auth-Email: ${email_id}" \
-H "X-Auth-Key: ${api_key}" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
--data "{\"files\":[\"${u}\",\"${amp_url}\",\"${home_url}\"]}"
echo
done
echo
Copy after login

它的使用方法为:

~/bin/cf.clear.cache https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/bash-for-loop/ 
https://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-security.html
Copy after login
借助 cut 命令

可以使用 cut 命令来将文件中每一行或者变量中的一部分删掉。它的语法为:

u="this is a test"
echo "$u" | cut -d' ' -f 4
echo "$u" | cut --delimiter=' ' --fields=4
##########################################
## WHERE
## -d' ' : Use a whitespace as delimiter
## -f 4 : Select only 4th field
##########################################
var="$(cut -d' ' -f 4 
<p>想了解更多请阅读 bash 的 man 页:</p>
<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">man bash
man cut
Copy after login

另请参见: Bash String Comparison: Find Out IF a Variable Contains a Substring

The above is the detailed content of Extract substring under Bash. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!

Statement of this Website
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap

Video Face Swap

Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1

Notepad++7.3.1

Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version

SublimeText3 Chinese version

Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6

Dreamweaver CS6

Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version

SublimeText3 Mac version

God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

What computer configuration is required for vscode What computer configuration is required for vscode Apr 15, 2025 pm 09:48 PM

VS Code system requirements: Operating system: Windows 10 and above, macOS 10.12 and above, Linux distribution processor: minimum 1.6 GHz, recommended 2.0 GHz and above memory: minimum 512 MB, recommended 4 GB and above storage space: minimum 250 MB, recommended 1 GB and above other requirements: stable network connection, Xorg/Wayland (Linux)

Linux Architecture: Unveiling the 5 Basic Components Linux Architecture: Unveiling the 5 Basic Components Apr 20, 2025 am 12:04 AM

The five basic components of the Linux system are: 1. Kernel, 2. System library, 3. System utilities, 4. Graphical user interface, 5. Applications. The kernel manages hardware resources, the system library provides precompiled functions, system utilities are used for system management, the GUI provides visual interaction, and applications use these components to implement functions.

vscode terminal usage tutorial vscode terminal usage tutorial Apr 15, 2025 pm 10:09 PM

vscode built-in terminal is a development tool that allows running commands and scripts within the editor to simplify the development process. How to use vscode terminal: Open the terminal with the shortcut key (Ctrl/Cmd). Enter a command or run the script. Use hotkeys (such as Ctrl L to clear the terminal). Change the working directory (such as the cd command). Advanced features include debug mode, automatic code snippet completion, and interactive command history.

How to check the warehouse address of git How to check the warehouse address of git Apr 17, 2025 pm 01:54 PM

To view the Git repository address, perform the following steps: 1. Open the command line and navigate to the repository directory; 2. Run the "git remote -v" command; 3. View the repository name in the output and its corresponding address.

Where to write code in vscode Where to write code in vscode Apr 15, 2025 pm 09:54 PM

Writing code in Visual Studio Code (VSCode) is simple and easy to use. Just install VSCode, create a project, select a language, create a file, write code, save and run it. The advantages of VSCode include cross-platform, free and open source, powerful features, rich extensions, and lightweight and fast.

How to run java code in notepad How to run java code in notepad Apr 16, 2025 pm 07:39 PM

Although Notepad cannot run Java code directly, it can be achieved by using other tools: using the command line compiler (javac) to generate a bytecode file (filename.class). Use the Java interpreter (java) to interpret bytecode, execute the code, and output the result.

What is the main purpose of Linux? What is the main purpose of Linux? Apr 16, 2025 am 12:19 AM

The main uses of Linux include: 1. Server operating system, 2. Embedded system, 3. Desktop operating system, 4. Development and testing environment. Linux excels in these areas, providing stability, security and efficient development tools.

How to run sublime after writing the code How to run sublime after writing the code Apr 16, 2025 am 08:51 AM

There are six ways to run code in Sublime: through hotkeys, menus, build systems, command lines, set default build systems, and custom build commands, and run individual files/projects by right-clicking on projects/files. The build system availability depends on the installation of Sublime Text.

See all articles