Extract substring under Bash
本文会向你展示在 bash shell 中如何获取或者说查找出子字符串。
其语法为:
## 格式 ## ${parameter:offset:length}
子字符串扩展是 bash 的一项功能。它会扩展成 parameter 值中以 offset 为开始,长为 length 个字符的字符串。 假设, $u 定义如下:
## 定义变量 u ## u="this is a test"
那么下面参数的子字符串扩展会抽取出子字符串:
var="${u:10:4}" echo "${var}"
结果为:
test
其中这些参数分别表示:
10 : 偏移位置
4 : 长度
根据 bash 的 man 页说明:
IFS (内部字段分隔符)用于在扩展后进行单词分割,并用内建的 read 命令将行分割为词。默认值是。
另一种 POSIX 就绪POSIX ready的方案如下:
u="this is a test" set -- $u echo "$1" echo "$2" echo "$3" echo "$4"
输出为:
this is a test
下面是一段 bash 代码,用来从 Cloudflare cache 中去除带主页的 url。
#!/bin/bash #################################################### ## Author - Vivek Gite {https://www.cyberciti.biz/} ## Purpose - Purge CF cache ## License - Under GPL ver 3.x+ #################################################### ## set me first ## zone_id="YOUR_ZONE_ID_HERE" api_key="YOUR_API_KEY_HERE" email_id="YOUR_EMAIL_ID_HERE" ## hold data ## home_url="" amp_url="" urls="$@" ## Show usage [ "$urls" == "" ] && { echo "Usage: $0 url1 url2 url3"; exit 1; } ## Get home page url as we have various sub dirs on domain ## /tips/ ## /faq/ get_home_url(){ local u="$1" IFS='/' set -- $u echo "${1}${IFS}${IFS}${3}${IFS}${4}${IFS}" } echo echo "Purging cache from Cloudflare。.。" echo for u in $urls do home_url="$(get_home_url $u)" amp_url="${u}amp/" curl -X DELETE "https://api.cloudflare.com/client/v4/zones/${zone_id}/purge_cache" \ -H "X-Auth-Email: ${email_id}" \ -H "X-Auth-Key: ${api_key}" \ -H "Content-Type: application/json" \ --data "{\"files\":[\"${u}\",\"${amp_url}\",\"${home_url}\"]}" echo done echo
它的使用方法为:
~/bin/cf.clear.cache https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/bash-for-loop/ https://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-security.html
可以使用 cut 命令来将文件中每一行或者变量中的一部分删掉。它的语法为:
u="this is a test" echo "$u" | cut -d' ' -f 4 echo "$u" | cut --delimiter=' ' --fields=4 ########################################## ## WHERE ## -d' ' : Use a whitespace as delimiter ## -f 4 : Select only 4th field ########################################## var="$(cut -d' ' -f 4 <p>想了解更多请阅读 bash 的 man 页:</p> <pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">man bash man cut
另请参见: Bash String Comparison: Find Out IF a Variable Contains a Substring
The above is the detailed content of Extract substring under Bash. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap
Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Article

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1
Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version
Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1
Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6
Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version
God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

Hot Topics

VS Code system requirements: Operating system: Windows 10 and above, macOS 10.12 and above, Linux distribution processor: minimum 1.6 GHz, recommended 2.0 GHz and above memory: minimum 512 MB, recommended 4 GB and above storage space: minimum 250 MB, recommended 1 GB and above other requirements: stable network connection, Xorg/Wayland (Linux)

The five basic components of the Linux system are: 1. Kernel, 2. System library, 3. System utilities, 4. Graphical user interface, 5. Applications. The kernel manages hardware resources, the system library provides precompiled functions, system utilities are used for system management, the GUI provides visual interaction, and applications use these components to implement functions.

vscode built-in terminal is a development tool that allows running commands and scripts within the editor to simplify the development process. How to use vscode terminal: Open the terminal with the shortcut key (Ctrl/Cmd). Enter a command or run the script. Use hotkeys (such as Ctrl L to clear the terminal). Change the working directory (such as the cd command). Advanced features include debug mode, automatic code snippet completion, and interactive command history.

To view the Git repository address, perform the following steps: 1. Open the command line and navigate to the repository directory; 2. Run the "git remote -v" command; 3. View the repository name in the output and its corresponding address.

Writing code in Visual Studio Code (VSCode) is simple and easy to use. Just install VSCode, create a project, select a language, create a file, write code, save and run it. The advantages of VSCode include cross-platform, free and open source, powerful features, rich extensions, and lightweight and fast.

Although Notepad cannot run Java code directly, it can be achieved by using other tools: using the command line compiler (javac) to generate a bytecode file (filename.class). Use the Java interpreter (java) to interpret bytecode, execute the code, and output the result.

The main uses of Linux include: 1. Server operating system, 2. Embedded system, 3. Desktop operating system, 4. Development and testing environment. Linux excels in these areas, providing stability, security and efficient development tools.

There are six ways to run code in Sublime: through hotkeys, menus, build systems, command lines, set default build systems, and custom build commands, and run individual files/projects by right-clicking on projects/files. The build system availability depends on the installation of Sublime Text.
