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MyISAM表的缓存_MySQL

Jun 01, 2016 pm 01:35 PM
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MyISAM表的缓存

 

前言:

今天一个朋友问了一个问题,原文如下:mysql5.1,myisam的表,select count(*) as total FROM m_bff WHERE from_uid='73149293' AND isdeleted=0。from_uid上有索引,第一次执行这个句子速度慢,1秒多,用show profile看都慢在Sending data上。但是紧接着我加上sql_no_cache,执行只需要0.01秒了,有好多句子都是类似的情况第一次慢,后来加上sql_no_cache也不慢,Key_blocks_unused也很多,请教下这种是什么原因呢?

 

问题总结一下就是:对于MyISAM表的查询,为何第一次会比第二次慢非常多?

 

回想innodb和MyISAM的区别,其中非常重要的一个就是MyISAM只缓存索引内容,而innodb不仅缓存索引还缓存数据。那照理说MyISAM每次的数据查询都应该是Disk Access不会有很大的速度差距吧。

 

其实在MyISAM的文件和操作系统之间还有一层OS级别的文件缓存。猜测就是OS文件缓存捣的鬼。

验证:

 

验证方式其实很简单,在shell下以root权限运行 cat 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches 把OS的文件缓存清空,再运行SQL看看是不是和第一次运行的速度一样就可以知道了。

 

结果:

 

恩,echo 3 /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches 之后就又慢了,看来就是你说的问题了

 

引申:

 

知道了MyISAM这个特性后,可以用文件预读的方法来做数据预热。

 

假设某个表是热点表,且操作系统又有较多的内存空余。我们可以用cat table.MYD >> /dev/null 的方式来把文件加载到OS文件缓存中。这样当某些用户的数据第一次访问时就不会出现慢查询了

 

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