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五种不同表类型
什么是存储引擎
Home Database Mysql Tutorial MySQL数据表类型 = 存储引擎类型_MySQL

MySQL数据表类型 = 存储引擎类型_MySQL

Jun 01, 2016 pm 01:35 PM
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参考来源:http://database.51cto.com/art/201011/234306.htm

五种不同表类型

MySQL实际上支持五种不同的表类型.这五种类型分别是BDB、HEAP、ISAM、MERGE以及MyISAM。其中BDB类型单独属于一类,称为“事务安全型”(transaction-safe),其余的表类型属于第二类,称为“非事务安全型”(non-transaction-safe)。 

1,ISAM数据表  
mysql3.23版本之前的MySQL支特的唯一一种表类型,目前己经过时,MyIASM处理程库逐步取代了ISAM处理程序,这种老式的表 类型己经没有人在用了数据表在硬盘上的文件存储方式:IASM Frm isd ism

2,MyIASM数据表  
这是目前中MySQL默认使用的数据表类型。其优点是

  • 如果主机操作系统支持大尺寸文件,数据表长度就能够很大,就能客纳更多的数据.
  • 数据表内容独立于硬件也就是说可以把数据表在机器之间随意拷贝
  • 提高了索引方面的功能
  • 提供了更好的索引键压缩效果
  • auto_incremnet能力加强
  • 改进了对数据表的完整性检查机制
  • 支持进行fulltext全文本搜索

数据表在硬盘上的文件存储方式:MyISAM Frm myd myi

3,Merge数据表 

这是一种把相同结构的MyIASM数据表组织为一个逻辑单元的方法

数据表在硬盘上的文件存储方式:Merge Frm mrg

4,HEAP数据表  
这是一种使用内存的数据表,而且各个数据行的长度固定,这两个特性使得这种类型数据表的检索速度非常快,作为一种临时性的数据表,HEAP在某些特定情况下很有用。

数据表在硬盘上的文件存储方式:Heap Frm

5,BDB数据表  
这种数据表支持事务处理机制,具有良好的并发性能

数据表在硬盘上的文件存储方式:BDB Frm db

6,InnoDB数据表  
这是最近加入MySQL的数据表类型,有许多新的特性
支持事务处理机制
崩溃后能够立刻恢复
支持外键功能,包括级联删除
具有并发功能

数据表在硬盘上的文件存储方式:InnoDB frm

 

参考来源:http://www.nowamagic.net/database/db_TypeOfTable.php

同Oracle 和SQL Server等大型数据库系统一样,MySql也是客户/服务器系统并且是单进程多线程架构的数据库。

MySql区别于其它数据库系统的一个重要特点是支持插入式存储引擎。

什么是存储引擎

存储引擎说白了就是如何存储数据、如何为存储的数据建立索引和如何更新、查询数据等技术的实现方法。因为在关系数据库中数据的存储是以表的形式存储的,所以存储引擎也可以称为表类型(即存储和操作此表的类型)。

在Oracle 和SQL Server等数据库中只有一种存储引擎,所有数据存储管理机制都是一样的。而MySql数据库提供了多种存储引擎。用户可以根据不同的需求为数据表选择不同的存储引擎,用户也可以根据自己的需要编写自己的存储引擎。

MySql中有哪些存储引擎?

  1. MyISAM:这种引擎是mysql最早提供的。不管是何种MyISAM表,目前它都不支持事务,行级锁和外键约束的功能。这种引擎又可以分为静态MyISAM、动态MyISAM 和压缩MyISAM三种:
  • 静态MyISAM:如果数据表中的各数据列的长度都是预先固定好的,服务器将自动选择这种表类型。因为数据表中每一条记录所占用的空间都是一样的,所以这种表存取和更新的效率非常高。当数据受损时,恢复工作也比较容易做。
  • 动态MyISAM:如果数据表中出现varchar、xxxtext或xxxBLOB字段时,服务器将自动选择这种表类型。相对于静态MyISAM,这种表存储空间比较小,但由于每条记录的长度不一,所以多次修改数据后,数据表中的数据就可能离散的存储在内存中,进而导致执行效率下降。同时,内存中也可能会出现很多碎片。因此,这种类型的表要经常用optimize table 命令或优化工具来进行碎片整理。
  • 压缩MyISAM:以上说到的两种类型的表都可以用myisamchk工具压缩。这种类型的表进一步减小了占用的存储,但是这种表压缩之后不能再被修改。另外,因为是压缩数据,所以这种表在读取的时候要先时行解压缩。
  • MyISAM Merge引擎:这种类型是MyISAM类型的一种变种。合并表是将几个相同的MyISAM表合并为一个虚表。常应用于日志和数据仓库。
  • InnoDB:InnoDB表类型可以看作是对MyISAM的进一步更新产品,它提供了事务、行级锁机制和外键约束的功能。
  • memory(heap):这种类型的数据表只存在于内存中。它使用散列索引,所以数据的存取速度非常快。因为是存在于内存中,所以这种类型常应用于临时表中。
  • archive:这种类型只支持select 和 insert语句,而且不支持索引。常应用于日志记录和聚合分析方面。
  • 当然MySql支持的表类型不止上面几种。下面我们介绍一下如何查看和设置数据表类型。

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