Home Database Mysql Tutorial 浅试mysql:(1)、数据库知识点_MySQL

浅试mysql:(1)、数据库知识点_MySQL

Jun 01, 2016 pm 01:34 PM
database Database management Knowledge points

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一、术语

1、数据库(database)

2、数据库管理系统(DBMS)

3、列(column)/行(row)

4、主键(Primary key)

5、SQL(Structured Query Language)结构化查询语言

特点:(1)、所有DBMS都支持
            (2)、简单易学、灵活强大

二、常用命令之一

6、MySQL选项和参数:

   1:  指定用户登录名Ben:
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   2:  mysql -u ben
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   3:  给出用户名、主机、端口、和口令:
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   4:  mysql -u ben -p -h myserver -p 9999
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(1)、命令输入在mysql>之后;输入help或/h获得帮助

(2)、命令用;或/g结束;输入quit、exit退出命令行

7、子句(clause):

clause有子句、条款的意思,SQL语句由子句构成,分可选和必需;一个子句通常由一个关键字和所提供的数据组成。如SELECT 语句的FROM子句,或ORDER BY子句

8、通配符(*)尽量不要使用,因为在检索不需要的列会降低检索或程序性能

9、DISTINCT关键字指示Mysql只返回不同的值:

image

   1:  SELECT DISTINCT title FROM new
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10、LIMIT子句限制返回的结果

   1:  SELECT id,title FROM new LIMIT 3 
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LIMIT m,n:  其中m表示从m行开始,n表示要检索的行数

当行数不够时,检索最大行的。

注意:Mysql5支持另一种LIMIT替代语法,LIMIT n OFFSET m:从m行开始曲n行

   1:  SELECT id,title FROM new LIMIT 1 OFFSET 3
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   2:  SELECT id,title FROM new LIMIT 3,1
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   3:  效果一样
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11、使用完全限定的表名

   1:  SELECT new.id,new.title FROM new
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   2:  当然表也可使用完全限定如:Mydata.new
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12、ORDER BY子句

ORDER BY子句取出一个或多个列的名字,据此对输出进行排序 默认是升序(ASC),还可以降序(DESC),注意DESC只应用到直接位于其前面的列名。

如果在多个列中进行降序排列,必须在每个列指定DESC关键字

13、使用SHOW语句找出在服务器上当前存在什么数据库

   1:   SHOW DATABASES;
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后面是复数

14、创建一个数据库MYSQLDATA

   1:   CREATE DATABASE MYSQLDATA;
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15、创建一个数据库表
   1:  CREATE TABLE product (pro_id INT,pro_price FLOAT,pro_name VARCHAR(20));
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17、显示表的结构

   1:  DESCRIBE product
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describe:描述、形容

在navicat for Mysql中显示如下:
image

18、往表中加入记录

   1:  INSERT INTO product VALUES(15.00,'pen')
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   2:  #插入多行
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   3:  INSERT INTO product (pro_price,pro_name) VALUES(12.00,' toothpaste'),
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   4:  (18.00,'belt'),(15.00,'basin'),(52.30,'pot')
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image

19、在navcat for mysql中对建立id

image

20、在navcat for mysql中设置字符集

选择‘product’表---右键 ‘设计表’---

image

同时可以设置主键

如此一来,我们就可以在表中插入中文数据;:

   1:  INSERT INTO product (pro_price,pro_name) VALUES(1.00,'SoftDrink'),(2.00,'矿泉水')
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21、删除表

   1:  mysql>drop TABLE MYTABLE;
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22、清空表

   1:  DELETE FROM new
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23、更新数据

   1:  UPDATE product SET pro_price=50.00 WHERE pro_name='pot'
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24、使用ORDER BY 和 LIMIT的组合,能找出一个列中最高或最低的值:
   1:  SELECT pro_price,pro_name FROM product ORDER BY pro_price DESC LIMIT 1
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注意顺序

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