Very useful Linux network diagnostic command: detailed usage tutorial of traceroute!

traceroute is a common network tool that can be used to determine the path a packet takes from a source host to a destination host. It helps diagnose network connection problems by showing the routers through which packets pass. Here is a detailed guide on how to use the traceroute command:

1. Open a terminal and log in to the Linux system as an administrator.

2. Run the following command to use traceroute:

   traceroute <目标主机地址或域名>

   Replace
   <target host address or domain name></target> with the IP address or domain name of the target host you want to track.

3. traceroute will start tracing the path of the packet. It will show the network hops each packet travels through (called hop count), as well as the latency for each hop.

4. Traceroute sends 3 packets to the target host by default and waits for a reply for each hop. You can customize the behavior of traceroute via options.

   • -n: Disable domain name resolution and only display IP addresses.
   • -q <number></number>: Specify the number of packets sent per hop.
   • -w <seconds></seconds>: Specify the timeout to wait for a reply for each hop.
   • -m <hop count></hop>: Limit the maximum number of hops for tracking.
   • -I: Use ICMP Echo requests instead of UDP packets.

   You can run the
   man traceroute command in the terminal to see more available options and detailed instructions.

5. View the output of traceroute. It will display the complete path from the destination host to the source host, including the IP address and latency for each hop.

Using the traceroute command is an effective way to perform network diagnosis and path tracing in Linux systems. This tool can help you locate network connectivity issues, identify network bottlenecks, and resolve latency issues. Note that the output may vary depending on the network topology and target host settings. By analyzing the output of traceroute, you can understand the transmission path of data packets in the network and identify nodes where problems may occur. This helps to quickly locate and resolve network faults and improve network performance and stability. In addition, traceroute can also help you assess the security of your network and identify potential threats and attack paths. Therefore, mastering the traceroute command and using it for network diagnosis and path tracing is very important for network administrators and operators.

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