MYSQL获取自增主键【4种方法】_MySQL
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MYSQL获取自增主键【4种方法】
通常我们在应用中对mysql执行了insert操作后,需要获取插入记录的自增主键。本文将介绍java环境下的4种方法获取insert后的记录主键auto_increment的值:
通过JDBC2.0提供的insertRow()方式
通过JDBC3.0提供的getGeneratedKeys()方式
通过SQL select LAST_INSERT_ID()函数
通过SQL @@IDENTITY 变量
1. 通过JDBC2.0提供的insertRow()方式
自jdbc2.0以来,可以通过下面的方式执行。
[java]
Statement stmt = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
try {
stmt = conn.createStatement(java.sql.ResultSet.TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY, // 创建Statement
java.sql.ResultSet.CONCUR_UPDATABLE);
stmt.executeUpdate("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS autoIncTutorial");
stmt.executeUpdate( // 创建demo表
"CREATE TABLE autoIncTutorial ("
+ "priKey INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, "
+ "dataField VARCHAR(64), PRIMARY KEY (priKey))");
rs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT priKey, dataField " // 检索数据
+ "FROM autoIncTutorial");
rs.moveToInsertRow(); // 移动游标到待插入行(未创建的伪记录)
rs.updateString("dataField", "AUTO INCREMENT here?"); // 修改内容
rs.insertRow(); // 插入记录
rs.last(); // 移动游标到最后一行
int autoIncKeyFromRS = rs.getInt("priKey"); // 获取刚插入记录的主键preKey
rs.close();
rs = null;
System.out.println("Key returned for inserted row: "
+ autoIncKeyFromRS);
} finally {
// rs,stmt的close()清理
}
优点:早期较为通用的做法
缺点:需要操作ResultSet的游标,代码冗长。
2. 通过JDBC3.0提供的getGeneratedKeys()方式
[java]
Statement stmt = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
try {
stmt = conn.createStatement(java.sql.ResultSet.TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY,
java.sql.ResultSet.CONCUR_UPDATABLE);
// ...
// 省略若干行(如上例般创建demo表)
// ...
stmt.executeUpdate(
"INSERT INTO autoIncTutorial (dataField) "
+ "values ('Can I Get the Auto Increment Field?')",
Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS); // 向驱动指明需要自动获取generatedKeys!
int autoIncKeyFromApi = -1;
rs = stmt.getGeneratedKeys(); // 获取自增主键!
if (rs.next()) {
autoIncKeyFromApi = rs.getInt(1);
} else {
// throw an exception from here
}
rs.close();
rs = null;
System.out.println("Key returned from getGeneratedKeys():"
+ autoIncKeyFromApi);
} finally { ... }
这种方式只需要2个步骤:1. 在executeUpdate时激活自动获取key; 2.调用Statement的getGeneratedKeys()接口
优点:
1. 操作方便,代码简洁
2. jdbc3.0的标准
3. 效率高,因为没有额外访问数据库
这里补充下,
a.在jdbc3.0之前,每个jdbc driver的实现都有自己获取自增主键的接口。在mysql jdbc2.0的driver org.gjt.mm.mysql中,getGeneratedKeys()函数就实现在org.gjt.mm.mysql.jdbc2.Staement.getGeneratedKeys()中。这样直接引用的话,移植性会有很大影响。JDBC3.0通过标准的getGeneratedKeys很好的弥补了这点。
b.关于getGeneratedKeys(),官网还有更详细解释:OracleJdbcGuide
3. 通过SQL select LAST_INSERT_ID()函数
[java]
Statement stmt = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
try {
stmt = conn.createStatement();
// ...
// 省略建表
// ...
stmt.executeUpdate(
"INSERT INTO autoIncTutorial (dataField) "
+ "values ('Can I Get the Auto Increment Field?')");
int autoIncKeyFromFunc = -1;
rs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT LAST_INSERT_ID()"); // 通过额外查询获取generatedKey
if (rs.next()) {
autoIncKeyFromFunc = rs.getInt(1);
} else {
// throw an exception from here
}
rs.close();
System.out.println("Key returned from " +
"'SELECT LAST_INSERT_ID()': " +
autoIncKeyFromFunc);
} finally {...}
这种方式没什么好说的,就是额外查询一次函数LAST_INSERT_ID().
优点:简单方便
缺点:相对JDBC3.0的getGeneratedKeys(),需要额外多一次数据库查询。
补充:
1. 这个函数,在mysql5.5手册的定义是:“returns a BIGINT (64-bit) value representing the first automatically generated value successfully inserted for an AUTO_INCREMENT column as a result of the most recently executed INSERT statement.”。文档点此
2. 这个函数,在connection维度上是“线程安全的”。就是说,每个mysql连接会有个独立保存LAST_INSERT_ID()的结果,并且只会被当前连接最近一次insert操作所更新。也就是2个连接同时执行insert语句时候,分别调用的LAST_INSERT_ID()不会相互覆盖。举个栗子:连接A插入表后LAST_INSERT_ID()返回100,连接B插入表后LAST_INSERT_ID()返回101,但是连接A重复执行LAST_INSERT_ID()的时候,始终返回100,而不是101。这个可以通过监控mysql连接数和执行结果来验证,这里不详述实验过程。
3. 在上面那点的基础上,如果在同一个连接的前提下同时执行insert,那可能2次操作的返回值会相互覆盖。因为LAST_INSERT_ID()的隔离程度是连接级别的。这点,getGeneratedKeys()是可以做的更好,因为getGeneratedKeys()是statement级别的。同个connection的多次statement,getGeneratedKeys()是不会被相互覆盖。
4. 通过SELECT @@IDENTITY 变量
这个方式和LAST_INSERT_ID()效果是一样的。官网文档如此表述:“This variable is a synonym for the last_insert_id variable. It exists for compatibility with other database systems. You can read its value with SELECT @@identity, and set it using SET identity.” 文档点此
重要补充:
无论是SELECT LAST_INSERT_ID()还是SELECT @@IDENTITY,对于一条insert语句插入多条记录,永远只会返回第一条插入记录的generatedKey.如:
[java]
INSERT INTO t VALUES
-> (NULL, 'Mary'), (NULL, 'Jane'), (NULL, 'Lisa');
LAST_INSERT_ID(), @@IDENTITY都只会返回'Mary'所在的那条记录的generatedKey
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