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MYSQL中MY.CNF配置文件及参数介绍_MySQL

Jun 01, 2016 pm 01:29 PM
database server Configuration file

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MYSQL中MY.CNF配置文件及参数介绍

 

对于单台运行的WEB服务器,建议加上:

skip-locking

skip-name-resolve

skip-networking

 

在PHP链接数据库时使用"LOCALHOST".这样MySQL 客户端库将覆盖之并尝试连接到本地套接字.(

我们可以从PHP.INI中

代码: ; Default socket name for local MySQL connects. If empty, uses the built-in; MySQL defaults.mysql.default_socket = /tmp/mysql.sock看出 默认情况下 UNIX 将访问/tmp/mysql.sock)

以下是部分选项解释:

my.cnf默认是不存在的.你可以在/usr/local/share/mysql/下看到:

my-huge.cnf

my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf

my-large.cnf

my-medium.cnf

my-small.cnf

等文件.将其中合适你机器配置的文件拷贝到/etc/my.cnf或mysql data目录/my.cnf(/var/db/mysql)下或~/.my.cnf.文件内都有详细的说明

 

 

[mysqld]

port = 3306

serverid = 1 

socket = /tmp/mysql.sock

skip-locking

# 避免MySQL的外部锁定,减少出错几率增强稳定性。

 

skip-name-resolve

禁止MySQL对外部连接进行DNS解析,使用这一选项可以消除MySQL进行DNS解析的时间。但需要注意,如果开启该选项,则所有远程主机连接授权都要使用IP地址方式,否则MySQL将无法正常处理连接请求! 

 

back_log = 384

指定MySQL可能的连接数量。当MySQL主线程在很短的时间内接收到非常多的连接请求,该参数生效,主线程花费很短的时间检查连接并且启动一个新线程。 

back_log参数的值指出在MySQL暂时停止响应新请求之前的短时间内多少个请求可以被存在堆栈中。 如果系统在一个短时间内有很多连接,则需要增大该参数的值,该参数值指定到来的TCP/IP连接的侦听队列的大小。不同的操作系统在这个队列大小上有它自 己的限制。 

试图设定back_log高于你的操作系统的限制将是无效的。默认值为50。对于Linux系统推荐设置为小于512的整数。 

 

key_buffer_size = 256M

# key_buffer_size指定用于索引的缓冲区大小,增加它可得到更好的索引处理性能。

对于内存在4GB左右的服务器该参数可设置为256M或384M。

注意:该参数值设置的过大反而会是服务器整体效率降低! 

 

max_allowed_packet = 4M

thread_stack = 256K

table_cache = 128K

sort_buffer_size = 6M

查询排序时所能使用的缓冲区大小。注意:该参数对应的分配内存是每连接独占!如果有100个连接,那么实际分配的总共排序缓冲区大小为100 × 6 = 600MB。所以,对于内存在4GB左右的服务器推荐设置为6-8M。 

 

read_buffer_size = 4M

读查询操作所能使用的缓冲区大小。和sort_buffer_size一样,该参数对应的分配内存也是每连接独享! 

 

join_buffer_size = 8M

联合查询操作所能使用的缓冲区大小,和sort_buffer_size一样,该参数对应的分配内存也是每连接独享!

 

myisam_sort_buffer_size = 64M

table_cache = 512

thread_cache_size = 64

query_cache_size = 64M

指定MySQL查询缓冲区的大小。可以通过在MySQL控制台执行以下命令观察: 

代码: # > SHOW VARIABLES LIKE '%query_cache%';# > SHOW STATUS LIKE 'Qcache%';如果Qcache_lowmem_prunes的值非常大,则表明经常出现缓冲不够的情况;

如果Qcache_hits的值非常大,则表明查询缓冲使用非常频繁,如果该值较小反而会影响效率,那么可以考虑不用查询缓冲;Qcache_free_blocks,如果该值非常大,则表明缓冲区中碎片很多。 

 

tmp_table_size = 256M

max_connections = 768

指定MySQL允许的最大连接进程数。如果在访问论坛时经常出现Too Many Connections的错误提 示,则需要增大该参数值。 

 

max_connect_errors = 10000000

wait_timeout = 10

指定一个请求的最大连接时间,对于4GB左右内存的服务器可以设置为5-10。 

 

thread_concurrency = 8

该参数取值为服务器逻辑CPU数量×2,在本例中,服务器有2颗物理CPU,而每颗物理CPU又支持H.T超线程,所以实际取值为4 × 2 = 8 

 

skip-networking

开启该选项可以彻底关闭MySQL的TCP/IP连接方式,如果WEB服务器是以远程连接的方式访问MySQL数据库服务器则不要开启该选项!否则将无法正常连接
 

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