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mysql常用知识点_MySQL

Jun 01, 2016 pm 01:26 PM
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--存储过程及常用流程控制语法

/*该代码是创建了一个名叫"p4"的存储过程并设置了s1,s2,s3两个int型一个varchar型参数,还可以是其他数据类型,内部创建了x1,x2两个变量

 

DELIMITER是修改分隔符的

DELIMITER $$的意思是把默认分隔符";"换成"$$",这样分段写的存储过程就能整个被执行,而不是被当成多条sql语句单独执行

创建完过程再将分隔符改回成";"

 

两种创建变量并赋值的方式

SET @变量名 = 值;

SELECT 值 INTO @变量名;

使用变量前必须先运行该变量赋值语句

过程内部还可以通过 "DECLARE 变量名 类型(字符串型要加范围) DEFAULT 值;" 来创建变量,但如此创建的变量只能在该过程内部访问

 

存储过程只有三种类型参数 IN,OUT,INOUT

调用过程时过程有几个参数传几个参数,只是IN型的参数可以传的是变量,可以是常量,而OUT和INOUT型的参数传的必须是变量

传给out,inout参数的变量值会随着在过程中改变在外部也改变,而给in参数的变量外部值则不受过程内变量值改变的影响

*/DELIMITER $$

 

DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS `p4`$$

CREATE PROCEDURE `p4`(IN s1 INT,OUT s2 INT,INOUT s3 VARCHAR(10))

BEGIN

DECLARE x1 VARCHAR(10) DEFAULT 'this is x1';

DECLARE x2 VARCHAR(10) DEFAULT 'this is x2';

SET s1 = 11;

SET s2 = 22;

SET s3 = 'iss3';

 

/*if语法*/

IF s1 = 11 AND s2 = 12 THEN

SELECT s1,s2;

END IF;

 

IF s3 = 's3' OR s1 = s2 THEN

SELECT s3;

ELSE

SELECT s1,s2,s3;

END IF;

 

/*case语法*/

CASE s3

WHEN 's1' THEN

SELECT 'this is s1';

WHEN 's2' THEN

SELECT 'this is s2';

ELSE

SELECT 'this is s3';

END CASE;

 

/*while循环*/

WHILE s1>1 DO

SET s1=s1-1;

END WHILE;

SELECT s1;

 

/*repeat循环语句

与while不同的是while满足条件就执行,repeat始终执行直到满足条件终止

*/REPEAT 

SET s1 = s1-1;

UNTIL s1=1 

END REPEAT;

SELECT s1;

 

/*LOOP循环

LOOP没有循环条件,会不停的循环直到遇到 "LEAVE ZiDingYi;" "ZiDingYi"是自定义的LOOP标记*/

ZiDingYi:LOOP

SET s1 = s1+1;

IF s1 = 5 THENLEAVE ZiDingYi;

END IF;

END LOOP;

SELECT s1;

END$$

 

DELIMITER ;

 

SET @p_in=1;

SET @p_out=2;

SET @p_inout = 's3';

SELECT 'Hello World1' INTO @p_4;

 

/*调用存储过程*/

CALL p4(@p_in,@p_out,@p_inout);

SELECT @p_in,@p_out,@p_inout,@p_4;

 

 

/*存储过程如果只有一个语句则语句不用 begin...end包围

存储过程中可以直接使用外部定义的变量

存储过程中用set和select定义的变量就是全局的,执行该过程后内部用set和select定义的变量外部可以访问,其他过程也可以直接使用*/

CREATE PROCEDURE p1()   SET @var='p1'; 

CREATE PROCEDURE p2() SELECT CONCAT('Last procedure was ',@var); 

CALL p1(); 

CALL p2();

SELECT @var;

 

CREATE PROCEDURE p3() SELECT CONCAT(@p3_var,' World');

SET @p3_var='Hello';

CALL p3();

 

/*删除存储过程*/

DROP PROCEDURE p4;

/*或者*/

DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS `p4`

 

/*查看该数据库下有哪些存储过程 test为数据库名*/

SELECT NAME FROM mysql.proc WHERE db='test';

/*或者*/SHOW PROCEDURE STATUS WHERE db='test';

 

/*查看存储过程详细信息,包括创建语句*/SHOW CREATE PROCEDURE p4;

 

--创建触发器(表里的触发器如果是触发本表,就会报错;触发其他的表就可以)

create trigger zl_tri after insert on zl_table

for each ROW

insert INTO zl_table1(Count) VALUES(2222);

 

--显示触发器

Show triggers [from 库名]

 

--删除触发器

DROP TRIGGER 库名.触发器名;

 

--集合

MySql只支持Union(并集)集合运算,好像也是4.0以后才有的;
但是对于交集Intersect、差集Except,就没有实现了。

 

--连接(和sql语法一样)

 

--基本语法(基本和sql语法一样,一下是不一样的地方)

select * from emp order by emp_sal desc limit 2; --limit相当于top

查看工资排名第2到第3的员工资料:

mysql> select * from emp order by emp_sal desc limit 1,2;

使用rand()抽样调查,随机抽取2个员工,查看其资料

mysql> select * from emp order by rand() limit 2;

 

 

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