Home Database Mysql Tutorial 一个基于MySQL的Key-List存储方案_MySQL

一个基于MySQL的Key-List存储方案_MySQL

Jun 01, 2016 pm 01:26 PM
Model

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目标:

Key-List模型、千亿万亿级别、分布式、可扩展、确保一定的性能、高可用

 

基本思想:

1、 同一个key对应的list尽量集中化

2、 通过表升级、表分裂限制表的大小

3、 参考HBase的方案管理表

 

表升级、分裂方案:

以典型数据(联合主键)为例,假设每条记录40字节

确保每个表最大条数1千万(每个数据文件不要超过400M,或者可以限制最大条数1百万,最多40M),设置mysql每张表一个表空间

通过两个条件来限制:uid个数、uid中最多的mid个数 相乘小于1kw

 

四个级别的表:

1级:十万用户 100条记录,如果用户数超过十万则分裂为两个或多个1级表;如果有用户记录数大于100则移动到最小的2级表中。(分裂或升级均凌晨闲时执行,升级优先)

2级:一万用户 1000条记录,同上

3级:一千用户 10000条记录,同上

4级:一百用户以下 100000条记录以上

 

结构图和各部分的功能

/

 

master职责(有备份、保证一主):

1、维护key(即uid)所在的库、表分布,在内存中构建hash索引

2、协调数据容量负载均衡,写表尽量分散在各zone中

3、感知节点,如果有节点增删,做相应的操作

 

zone职责:

负责监控表,实施表的分裂,分裂在本zone完成,期间需要和mater进行通信,完成之后其他zone进行备份

 

分裂操作(太复杂,没想太清楚):

分裂点界定:对uid按照mid从多到少排序,当相加个数大于总个数一半时为拆分点

拆分时选择某一个从表,通知master对此表加读锁并记录同步日志点p,拆分过程不能分配读写操作,拆分完毕后将日志点p后的数据同步至两个新表,同步完毕通知master将写全部映射到新表,其他的备份通过主从方式自动更新为两个表,或者使用缓冲表or缓冲队列来实现

分裂之后的数据副本:由master决定放在比较空闲的zone中

 

升级操作:

由master协调,具体升级在各zone内部进行,不涉及表数量的修改,相对分裂简单许多,但是涉及key的分布修改

 

读写操作:

先从master中获取对应表位置

读数据:就近读,优先读取本机房的主表所在节点,不成功则取其他

写数据:只写主表,可能不是最近的机房,有单点问题,如果挂掉,通知master更换主,此过程过长则通过缓冲队列解决

 

加入新机器:

计算各节点的表个数,数据最大的M个节点各分一部分表给新加机器,完毕后通知master

 

某一机器挂掉:

找到表最小的几个机器,对挂掉节点的表数据按照一定规则复制过去

或者等待DBA处理,不需要立即处理

通知master

 

难点(不过解决起来有参照,例如HBase):

自动化的表分裂、升级过程复杂

表管理复杂

如何保证读写服务正常、数据一致性

 

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