Home Database Mysql Tutorial MySQL数据库安全设置与注意事项小结_MySQL

MySQL数据库安全设置与注意事项小结_MySQL

Jun 01, 2016 pm 01:25 PM
localhost mysql Database security use

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当你第一次在机器上安装MySQL时,mysql数据库中的授权表是这样初始化的:

你可以从本地主机(localhost)上以root连接而不指定口令。root用户拥有所有权限(包括管理权限)
并可做任何事情。(顺便说明,MySQL超级用户与Unix超级用户有相同的名字,他们彼此毫无关系。)

匿名访问被授予用户可从本地连接名为test和任何名字以test_开始的数据库。匿名用户可对数据库做任
何事情,但无管理权限。

从本地主机多服务器的连接是允许的,不管连接的用户使用一个localhost主机名或真实主机名。如:


% mysql -h localhost test
% mysql -h pit.snake.net test

你以root连接MySQL甚至不指定口令的事实只是意味着初始安装不安全,所以作为管理员的你首先要做的
应该是设置root口令,然后根据你设置口令使用的方法,你也可以告诉服务器重载授权表是它知道这个改
变。(在服务器启动时,它重载表到内存中而可能不知道你已经修改了它们。)

对MySQL 3.22和以上版本,你可以用mysqladmin设置口令:


% mysqladmin -u root password yourpassword

对于MySQL的任何版本,你可以用mysql程序并直接修改mysql数据库中的user授权表:


% mysql -u root mysql
mysql>UPDATE user SET password=PASSWORD("yourpassword") WHERE User="root";

如果你有MySQL的老版本,使用mysql和UPDATE。

在你设置完口令后,通过运行下列命令检查你是否需要告诉服务器重载授权表:


% mysqladmin -u root status

如果服务器仍然让你以root而不指定口令而连接服务器,重载授权表:


% mysqladmin -u root reload

在你设置了root的口令后(并且如果需要重载了授权表),你将需要在任何时候以root连接服务器时指定

下面是我整理的一些方法
首先让mysql以普通用户权限运行mysql。类似sqlserver的设置方法,如果不会的朋友可以使用工具实现。

1.设置或修改Mysql root密码:
默认安装后空密码,以mysqladmin命令设置密码:


登陆mysql:
mysqladmin -uroot password "password";
Mysql命令设置密码:
mysql> set password for root@localhost=password('password);
更改密码:
update mysql.user set password=password('password') where user='root';
flush privileges;

2.删除默认的数据库和用户


drop database test;
use mysql;
delete from db;
delete from user where not(host="localhost" and user="root");
flush privileges;

3. 更改默认root账号名称:

update mysql.user set user="admin" where user="root";
flush privileges;

4. 本地文件安全:

set-variable=local-infile=0

5. 禁止远程连接mysql,远程管理可通过phpmyadmin,编辑my.cnf在[mysqld]添加:

skip-networking

6.最小权限用户:

create database db1;
grant select,insert,update,delete,create,drop privileges on database.* to user@localhost identified by 'passwd';

7. 限制普通用户浏览其它数据库,编辑my.cnf在[mysqld]添加:

--skip-show-database8
.快速修复MySQL数据库

修复数据库
mysqlcheck -A -o -r -p修复指定的数据库

mysqlcheck  -o -r database -p

9.跟据内存的大小选择MySQL的配置文件:


my-small.cnf # > my-medium.cnf # 32M - 64M
my-large.cnf # memory = 512M
my-huge.cnf # 1G-2G
my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf # 4GB

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