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Home Backend Development Golang How to use jackc/pgx with connection pooling, contexts, prepared statements, etc.

How to use jackc/pgx with connection pooling, contexts, prepared statements, etc.

Feb 08, 2024 pm 09:00 PM

如何将 jackc/pgx 与连接池、上下文、准备好的语句等一起使用

问题内容

我仍然不是 golang 专家,仍在学习中。这也是我第一次接触postgresql

import "github.com/jackc/pgx/v5/pgxpool"

const DB = "postgres://postgres:xxx@localhost:5432/mydb?pool_min_conns=1&pool_max_conns=5&pool_max_conn_idle_time=30s"

dbpool, err := pgxpool.New(context.Background(), DB)
if err != nil {
    log.Fatal("Unable to create connection pool: "+err.Error())
}
defer dbpool.Close()
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<强>1。如何从池中获取连接并使用准备好的语句,将 SQL 和 SQL 值作为两个单独的参数传递?

来自 PHP,之前从未使用过数据库池。

<强>2。如何确保从池中拉出连接时是“新鲜”的,并且不会继续之前未完成的事务(回滚/提交)?

<强>3。当您将连接释放回池时也是如此。如果上下文取消或者请求失败,会自动回滚吗?

<强>4。请求数据库时如何使用goroutine?是否可以在同一事务中进行并行选择查询,或者所有查询都必须是串行的?我想所有写入查询都必须是串行的?


正确答案


一般情况下你不会。池负责连接的管理(获取和释放)以及准备语句的管理(创建和缓存)。

但是,如果您想保持控制,则可以使用 Acquire 方法,或其任何相关方法。

类似地,如果您想手动创建并重用准备好的语句(例如,您需要在紧密循环中执行相同的查询,但您不想依赖池对准备好的语句的缓存),那么您可以使用获取的连接的 Conn 方法返回连接的 *pgx.Conn 表示,以及它有一个名为 Prepare 的方法。

池的获取方法返回可用连接。根据定义,正在使用的连接(即未释放的连接)不可用,并且不会由 Acquire 方法返回。

释放回池的连接所持有的资源,如果不空闲,将被销毁。。关于事务提交/回滚,它们都不会被自动调用, 文档明确指出:“必须对返回的事务调用提交或回滚才能最终确定事务块。”

该池可以安全地并发使用。但是 pgxpool.Connpgxpool.Tx 可以安全地并发使用。

<小时/>

示例:

Begin 不支持自动回滚或自动提交,您自己必须,如 文档,调用 RollbackCommit 来“敲定交易区块”。

func f(ctx context.Context, pool *pgxpool.Pool) (err error) {
    tx, err := pool.Begin(ctx)
    if err != nil {
        return err
    }
    defer func() {
        if err != nil {
            tx.Rollback(ctx)
        } else {
            tx.Commit(ctx)
        }
    }()

    _, err := tx.Exec(ctx, "insert into users (email) values ($1)", "<a href="https://www.php.cn/link/89fee0513b6668e555959f5dc23238e9" class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="8cefcce9e1a2efe3e1">[email&#160;protected]</a>")
    if err != nil {
        return err
    }

    var id int
    row := tx.QueryRow(ctx, "select id from users where email = $1", "<a href="https://www.php.cn/link/89fee0513b6668e555959f5dc23238e9" class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="c5a685a0a8eba6aaa8">[email&#160;protected]</a>")
    if err := row.Scan(&id); err != nil {
        return err
    }

    // NOTE: the above is just an example, if you need the auto
    // generated id of an inserted record, please use the RETURNING
    // clause supported by PostgreSQL.
    return nil
}
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但是,您可以使用 BeginFunc如果您希望 pgx 为您处理 RollbackCommit 事务。

func f(ctx context.Context, pool *pgxpool.Pool) (err error) {
    return pool.BeginFunc(ctx, func(tx pgx.Tx) error {
        _, err := tx.Exec(ctx, "insert into users (email) values ($1)", "<a href="https://www.php.cn/link/89fee0513b6668e555959f5dc23238e9" class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="e98aa98c84c78a8684">[email&#160;protected]</a>")
        if err != nil {
            return err
        }

        var id int
        row := tx.QueryRow(ctx, "select id from users where email = $1", "<a href="https://www.php.cn/link/89fee0513b6668e555959f5dc23238e9" class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="492a092c24672a2624">[email&#160;protected]</a>")
        if err := row.Scan(&id); err != nil {
            return err
        }

        // NOTE: the above is just an example, if you need the auto
        // generated id of an inserted record, please use the RETURNING
        // clause supported by PostgreSQL.
        return nil
    })
}
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