Go struct representing an SQL table
我对 go 还很陌生,我正在尝试找到设置数据库通信的最佳方法。基本上,我记得在我以前的工作场所中,在 php 中,您可以创建一个表示 sql 表的类,当您需要将数据插入数据库时,您将创建该类的一个对象,其中包含所有必要的数据,调用 insert(),传递update() 的工作方式非常相似,只不过它会更新而不是插入。不幸的是,我不记得那个 php 框架的名称,但也许有人知道在 go 中实现类似功能的方法,或者它不是一个东西?
假设我有一个结构:
type patients struct { id int name string image string }
现在我想要一个函数,将患者对象作为参数并将其插入到患者 postgres 表中,自动将患者转换为 postgres 期望的内容:
func (patients *patients) insert(patient patients) { }
然后 update()
将获取一个患者对象并基本上执行这段代码,而无需我编写它:
stmt := `update patients set name = $1, image = $2, where id = $3 ` _, err := db.ExecContext(ctx, stmt, patient.Name, patient.Image, patient.ID )
正确答案
您正在寻找一种称为 orm(对象关系映射器)的东西。 go 中有一些,但最流行的是 gorm。这是一个有点争议的话题,但我认为如果您不熟悉 go 和/或数据库,那么使用 orm 是个好主意。这将为您节省大量时间和精力。
另一种方法是使用database/sql 包并编写您自己的sql 查询。如果您是经验丰富的 go 开发人员和/或数据库管理员,这是一个好主意。它将让您更好地控制查询并且效率更高。推荐阅读:https://www.php.cn/link/a12f69495f41bb3b637ba1b6238884d6 。此方法的推荐库包括 sqlx 和 pgx。
这是您的结构作为 gorm 模型的样子:
type patient struct { id int `gorm:"primarykey"` name string image string }
这是一个如何将患者插入数据库的示例程序:
package main import ( "fmt" "gorm.io/driver/postgres" "gorm.io/gorm" ) type patient struct { id int `gorm:"primarykey"` name string image string } func main() { dsn := "host=localhost user=postgres password=postgres dbname=postgres port=5432 sslmode=disable timezone=utc" db, err := gorm.open(postgres.open(dsn), &gorm.config{}) if err != nil { panic("failed to connect database") } db.automigrate(&patient{}) patient := patient{ name: "john smith", image: "https://example.com/image.png", } result := db.create(&patient) if result.error != nil { panic(result.error) } fmt.println(patient) }
如果您想使用 sqlx,您可以编写如下内容:
package main import ( "database/sql" "fmt" "log" _ "github.com/lib/pq" ) type patient struct { id int name string image string } func main() { dsn := "host=localhost user=postgres password=postgres dbname=postgres port=5432 sslmode=disable timezone=utc" db, err := sql.open("postgres", dsn) if err != nil { log.fatal(err) } defer db.close() _, err = db.exec(` create table if not exists patients ( id serial primary key, name text, image text ) `) if err != nil { log.fatal(err) } patient := patient{ name: "john smith", image: "https://example.com/image.png", } _, err = db.exec(` insert into patients (name, image) values ($1, $2) `, patient.name, patient.image) if err != nil { log.fatal(err) } fmt.println(patient) }
当然,使用 orm 管理数据库模式会稍微复杂一些。您可以使用迁移,但我更喜欢使用名为 goose 的工具。设置起来有点麻烦,但它非常强大且灵活。以下是如何使用它的示例:
package main import ( "fmt" "log" "github.com/pressly/goose" "gorm.io/driver/postgres" "gorm.io/gorm" ) type patient struct { id int `gorm:"primarykey"` name string image string } func main() { dsn := "host=localhost user=postgres password=postgres dbname=postgres port=5432 sslmode=disable timezone=utc" db, err := gorm.open(postgres.open(dsn), &gorm.config{}) if err != nil { panic("failed to connect database") } goose.setdialect("postgres") goose.settablename("schema_migrations") err = goose.run("up", db.db(), "migrations") if err != nil { log.fatal(err) } patient := patient{ name: "john smith", image: "https://example.com/image.png", } result := db.create(&patient) if result.error != nil { panic(result.error) } fmt.println(patient) }
您的迁移目录如下所示:
migrations/ 00001_create_patients.up.sql 00001_create_patients.down.sql
您的迁移如下所示:
-- 00001_create_patients.up.sql create table patients ( id serial primary key, name text, image text );
-- 00001_create_patients.down.sql DROP TABLE patients;
我希望这有帮助!如果您有任何疑问,请告诉我。
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