Home Database Mysql Tutorial mysql集群一:主从复制,通过mysql-proxy做负载均衡_MySQL

mysql集群一:主从复制,通过mysql-proxy做负载均衡_MySQL

Jun 01, 2016 pm 01:14 PM
mysql

Mysql集群

mysql集群架构方式很多,根据不同的需求做不一样的架构,简单一点的就是mysql的replication,也就是Mysql的复制功能,模式有:master-slaves,master-slaves-slaves,master-master-slaves等可以有多个分层,那么现在我所要说的是master-slaves的模式(其他的模式原理基本都一样),然后再通过mysql官方提供的Mysql-proxy实现读写分离,达到负载均衡的效果。

环境:

  主机:master:192.168.1.109,slave1:192.168.1.110,mysqlProxy:192.168.1.112。(workstation10平台创建虚拟机模拟)

  操作系统:Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5.8

  mysql:mysql-5.5.37-linux2.6-i686.tar.gz

  mysql-proxy:mysql-proxy-0.8.4-linux-glibc2.3-x86-32bit.tar.gz

 

1、安装mysql:

[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local  //进入到安装目录

[root@localhost local]# tar -zxvf mysql-5.5.37-linux2.6-i686.tar.gz    //解压mysql二进制包

[root@localhost local]# ln -s mysql-5.5.37-linux2.6-i686 mysql  //解压之后加上链接

[root@localhost local]# groupadd mysql  //增加mysql用户组

[root@localhost local]# useradd -g mysql mysql  //增加mysql用户帐号

[root@localhost local]# cd mysql  //进入安装之后的mysql目录

[root@localhost mysql]# chown -R root:mysql .  //修改文件属组和属主,注意该命令后面有一个点,表示当前目录

[root@localhost mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql data/  //把data目录的属主改为mysql

[root@localhost mysql]# cp support-files/my-large.cnf /etc/my.cnf  //拷贝mysql配置文件放在etc目录下并改名为my.cnf

[root@localhost mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld  //拷贝mysql的启动脚本放在/etc/init.d/目录下

[root@localhost mysql]# service mysqld start  //启动mysql

至此mysql安装已经结束,接下来就是mysql的主从配置。(其他两台主机也照此安装mysql)

 

2、配置master:

[root@localhost mysql]# vi /etc/my.cnf  //编辑配置文件

server-id=1  //默认是1,不是的话则改为1

thread_concurrency = 2  //线程并发数(CPU*2)

log-bin=mysql-bin  //打开二进制日志功能

保存退出,重新启动mysql。

登入mysql:

[root@localhost mysql]# mysql -uroot -p  //默认密码空,直接敲回车进入

mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to repl@'192.168.1.%' identified by '123456';

mysql>flush privileges;

mysql>show grants for 'repl'@'192.168.1.%';  //查看授权,有记录说明ok

mysql>show master status/G;  //查看master服务器状态,有二进制日志文件名和记录位置(position)

至此mysql配置完成。

 

3、配置slave

[root@localhost mysql]#vi /etc/my.cnf  //编辑配置文件

server-id=11  //设置与master不一样就行,

thread_concurrency = 2  //线程并发数(CPU*2)

relay-log=mysql-log  //打开中继日志

relay-log-index=mysql-log.index  //设置relay-log-index文件名

保存退出,重新启动mysql。

登入mysql:

[root@localhost mysql]# mysql -uroot -p  //默认密码空,直接敲回车进入

mysql>change master to 

       ->master_host='192.168.1.109',  //master服务器ip

   ->mastet_user='repl',  //用户名

   ->mastet_password='123456',  //密码

   ->master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',  //master服务器二进制日志名

   ->master_log_pos=107;

mysql>slave start;  //启动slave

mysql> SHOW SLAVE STATUS/G;  //查看slave状态

*************************** 1. row ***************************

             Slave_IO_State:

                Master_Host: 192.168.1.109

                Master_User: repl

                Master_Port: 3306

              Connect_Retry: 60

            Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001

        Read_Master_Log_Pos: 4

             Relay_Log_File: mysql-relay-bin.000001

              Relay_Log_Pos: 4

      Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001

           Slave_IO_Running: yes

          Slave_SQL_Running: yes

                             ...omitted...

      Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL

如果 Slave_IO_Running和Slave_SQL_Running显示为yes则配置ok,过程中可能会出现:

Slave I/O: error connecting to master 'repl@192.168.1.109:3306' - retry-time: 60  retries: 86400, Error_code: 2003

引起问题原因是防火墙拦截了,解决办法就是修改防火墙配置,简单直接的办法就是把master服务器的防火墙关掉,执行/etc/init.d/iptables stop命令。

接下来测试,在master中创建一个数据库db_test,查看slave中是是否存在db_test。

至此slave配置结束,其他从服务器按此方式配置。

 

4、配置mysql-proxy,代理服务最好另外部署一台机器,尤其是上线运行后,所以这里测试也是用了单独一台虚拟机,没有部署在master或slave机器上。

 [root@localhost local]# tar -zxvf mysql-proxy-0.8.4-linux-glibc2.3-x86-32bit.tar.gz  //解压

 [root@localhost local]# ln -s  mysql-proxy-0.8.4-linux-glibc2.3-x86-32bit  mysql-proxy  //加一个快捷链接

 [root@localhost local]# groupadd mysql-proxy  //创建用户组

 [root@localhost local]# useradd -g mysql-proxy  mysql-proxy  //创建用户

 [root@localhost local]# cd mysql-proxy  //进入mysql-proxy目录

 [root@localhost mysql-proxy]# chown -R root:mysql-proxy .  //更改目录属主和属组,命令后面有一个点(.)表示当前目录

 [root@localhost mysql-proxy]# vi /etc/profile.d/mysql-proxy.sh  //把mysql的bin目录加到PATH变量中,

 export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin

 [root@localhost mysql-proxy]# source /etc/profile   //让配置文件立刻生效

 [root@localhost mysql-proxy]# mysql-proxy --help-all  //查看mysql-proxy命令,出现如下信息:

 <br>

下面我们启动mysql-proxy,做一个简单测试,不过我们先要简单介绍一下mysql-proxy命令。

mysql-proxy 命令

  • --help-all ———— 用于获取全部帮助信息

  • --proxy-address=host:port ———— 代理服务监听的地址和端口

  • --admin-address=host:port ———— 管理模块监听的地址和端口

  • --proxy-backend-addresses=host:port ———— 后端mysql服务器的地址和端口(主服务器)

  • --proxy-read-only-backend-addresses=host:port ———— 后端只读mysql服务器的地址和端口(从服务器)

  • --proxy-lua-script=file ———— 完成mysql代理功能的Lua脚本

  • --daemon ———— 以守护进程模式启动mysql-proxy

  • --defaults-file=/path/to/conf_file_name ———— 默认使用的配置文件路径

  • --log-file=/path/to/log_file_name ———— 日志文件名称

  • --log-level=level ———— 日志级别

  • --log-use-syslog ———— 基于syslog记录日志

  • --user=user_name ———— 运行mysql-proxy进程的用户

[root@localhost mysql-proxy]# mysql-proxy  --daemon --log-level=debug --log-file=/var/log/mysql-proxy.log --plugins="proxy" --proxy-backend-addresses="192.168.1.109:3306" --proxy-read-only-backend-addresses="192.168.1.110:3306"  //启动mysql-proxy[root@localhost mysql-proxy]# tail /var/log/mysql-proxy.log  //查看启动日志

2014-05-10 00:09:22: (critical) plugin proxy 0.8.4 started<br>2014-05-10 00:09:22: (debug) max open file-descriptors = 1024<br>2014-05-10 00:09:22: (message) proxy listening on port :4040<br>2014-05-10 00:09:22: (message) added read/write backend: 192.168.1.109:3306<br>2014-05-10 00:09:22: (message) added read-only backend: 192.168.1.110:3306

[root@localhost mysql-proxy]#netstat -ntulp | grep :4040  //查看监听的端口

tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:4040                0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      10056/mysql-proxy

现在我们需要在master服务器中创建一个远程登入的mysql账号

master:

mysql> GRANT ALL ON *.* TO root@'192.168.1.%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456'Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec) 在从服务器上做测试:slave:[root@bogon ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -h192.168.1.112 --port=4040 这样就连上了Mysql-Proxy服务器了,如果出现错误:ERROR 2003 (HY000): Can't connect to MySQL server on '192.168.1.112' (113),请修改防火墙配置或关闭。下面我们来实现读写分离,Mysql-Proxy本身不会实现读写分离,主要是依靠 Lua 脚本实现的。[root@localhost mysql-proxy]# killall mysql-proxy  //杀掉mysql-proxy进程[root@localhost mysql-proxy]# netstat -ntlup | grep 4040  //查看进程是否停掉[root@localhost mysql-proxy]# cd share/doc/mysql-proxy/ [root@localhost mysql-proxy]# ls | grep rw-splitting.lua  //查看读写分离脚本,lua语言实现rw-splitting.lua[root@localhost mysql-proxy]# mysql-proxy --daemon --log-level=debug --log-file=/var/log/mysql-proxy.log --plugins="proxy" --proxy-backend-addresses="192.168.1.109:3306" --proxy-read-only-backend-addresses="192.168.1.110:3306" --proxy-lua-script="/usr/local/mysql-proxy/share/doc/mysql-proxy/rw-splitting.lua"[root@localhost mysql-proxy]#在slave 服务器上做测试,ok,完成了,mysql-proxy实现mysql集群的读写分离完成了,这种模式是MySQL集群最为基本的一种模式,也能够实现负载均衡,后续研究MySQL更深层次的集群,一同分享一同进步。^_^  
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