MySQL的主从同步_MySQL
MySQL的主从同步是一个很成熟的架构,优点为: ①在从服务器可以执行查询工作(即我们常说的读功能),降低主服务器压力; ②在从主服务器进行备份,避免备份期间影响主服务器服务; ③当主服务器出现问题时,可以切换到从服务器。 所以我在项目部署和实施中经常会采用这种方案.
+ 数据库目录及其它 my.cnf配置文件 /etc/my.cnf mysql数据库位置 datadir=/var/lib/mysql
主数据库:192.168.2.119 从数据库:192.168.2.220 操作系统:RHEL5.x 32位 服务器类型: 虚拟机
+ mysql5.0.77 安装: ① 配置好linux的yum服务后,直接yum -y install mysql即可 附:安装php/mysql一条命令安装:yum -y install httpd php mysql mysql-server php-mysql
② 启动MySQL service mysqld start(restart|stop)
一、设置主库 1、修改主库my.cnf,主要是设置个不一样的id和logbin(#这部可依具体环境而定,压力大的化可采用huge.cnf) [root @localhost etc]#vi /etc/my.cnf # 记住这部分一定要配置在[mysqld]后面,否则无法找到从节点,各个配置项的含义可自己查阅文档 [mysqld] log-bin=mysql-bin server-id=1 binlog-ignore-db=information_schema binlog-ignore-db=cluster binlog-ignore-db=mysql
2、启动主库生效 [root @localhost etc]service mysqld restart
3、登陆主库 [root @localhost etc]mysql -u root -p
4、赋予从库权限帐号,允许用户在主库上读取日志 mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to '用户名'@'%' identified by '密码';
5、检查创建是否成功 select user,host from mysql.user;
6、锁主库表 mysql> flush tables with read lock;
7、显示主库信息 记录File和Position,从库设置将会用到 mysql> show master status; +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | mysql-bin.000001 98 | | | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
# 说明,如果执行这个步骤始终为Empty set(0.00 sec),那说明前面的my.cnf没配置对。
8、另开一个终端登陆220,打包主库迁移数据(如果你使用的yum安装,有默认数据库并未做任何改动,则不需要进行拷贝) 目的是为了保证两台服务器的mysql数据库一致,这里可以自行tar打包或者使用mysqldump命令备份恢复的方式进行。
二、设置从库 1、传输拿到主库包、解包 # 登陆从库 从上一步中备份的数据库恢复到220服务器节点上。
2、在119节点上解锁主库表(对应第一点设置主库中第6步锁主库表的操作) mysql> unlock tables;
3、在220节点上修改从库my.cnf(位置一样) [root @localhost etc]vi my.cnf # 记住这部分一定要配置在[mysqld]后面,否则无法找到从节点,各个配置项的含义可自己查阅文档 [mysqld] log-bin=mysql-bin server-id=2 binlog-ignore-db=information_schema binlog-ignore-db=cluster binlog-ignore-db=mysql replicate-do-db=test replicate-ignore-db=mysql log-slave-updates slave-skip-errors=all slave-net-timeout=60
master-host=192.168.2.119 master-user=root master-password=pfingo
4、在220节点上验证连接主库 [root @localhost etc]mysql -h 192.168.2.119 -u 用户名 -p
5、在220节点从库上设置同步 #设置连接MASTER MASTER_LOG_FILE为主库的File,MASTER_LOG_POS为主库的Position #注意下面第二条命令语句中的master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001', master_log_pos=98;对应为前面在主库中执行的show master status;结果 mysql> slave stop; mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.2.119',master_user='root',master_password='pfingo',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001', master_log_pos=98; mysql> slave start;
6、启动从库服务 mysql> slave start;
7、进行测试 在主库上的test库上建立名为myTest的表 mysql> CREATE TABLE `myTest` ( `id` INT( 5 ) UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT , `username` VARCHAR( 20 ) NOT NULL , `password` CHAR( 32 ) NOT NULL , `last_update` DATETIME NOT NULL , `number` FLOAT( 10 ) NOT NULL , `content` TEXT NOT NULL , PRIMARY KEY ( `id` ) ) ENGINE = MYISAM ;
在从表中马上看到了效果,主从同步成功了; 为了更进一步验证在从库上输入show slave status/G; mysql> show slave status/G; Slave_IO_Running: Yes(网络正常); Slave_SQL_Running: Yes(表结构正常)
进一步验证了以上过程的正确性。

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap
Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Article

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1
Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version
Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1
Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6
Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version
God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

Hot Topics











The main role of MySQL in web applications is to store and manage data. 1.MySQL efficiently processes user information, product catalogs, transaction records and other data. 2. Through SQL query, developers can extract information from the database to generate dynamic content. 3.MySQL works based on the client-server model to ensure acceptable query speed.

InnoDB uses redologs and undologs to ensure data consistency and reliability. 1.redologs record data page modification to ensure crash recovery and transaction persistence. 2.undologs records the original data value and supports transaction rollback and MVCC.

MySQL's position in databases and programming is very important. It is an open source relational database management system that is widely used in various application scenarios. 1) MySQL provides efficient data storage, organization and retrieval functions, supporting Web, mobile and enterprise-level systems. 2) It uses a client-server architecture, supports multiple storage engines and index optimization. 3) Basic usages include creating tables and inserting data, and advanced usages involve multi-table JOINs and complex queries. 4) Frequently asked questions such as SQL syntax errors and performance issues can be debugged through the EXPLAIN command and slow query log. 5) Performance optimization methods include rational use of indexes, optimized query and use of caches. Best practices include using transactions and PreparedStatemen

Compared with other programming languages, MySQL is mainly used to store and manage data, while other languages such as Python, Java, and C are used for logical processing and application development. MySQL is known for its high performance, scalability and cross-platform support, suitable for data management needs, while other languages have advantages in their respective fields such as data analytics, enterprise applications, and system programming.

MySQL is suitable for small and large enterprises. 1) Small businesses can use MySQL for basic data management, such as storing customer information. 2) Large enterprises can use MySQL to process massive data and complex business logic to optimize query performance and transaction processing.

MySQL index cardinality has a significant impact on query performance: 1. High cardinality index can more effectively narrow the data range and improve query efficiency; 2. Low cardinality index may lead to full table scanning and reduce query performance; 3. In joint index, high cardinality sequences should be placed in front to optimize query.

The basic operations of MySQL include creating databases, tables, and using SQL to perform CRUD operations on data. 1. Create a database: CREATEDATABASEmy_first_db; 2. Create a table: CREATETABLEbooks(idINTAUTO_INCREMENTPRIMARYKEY, titleVARCHAR(100)NOTNULL, authorVARCHAR(100)NOTNULL, published_yearINT); 3. Insert data: INSERTINTObooks(title, author, published_year)VA

MySQL is suitable for web applications and content management systems and is popular for its open source, high performance and ease of use. 1) Compared with PostgreSQL, MySQL performs better in simple queries and high concurrent read operations. 2) Compared with Oracle, MySQL is more popular among small and medium-sized enterprises because of its open source and low cost. 3) Compared with Microsoft SQL Server, MySQL is more suitable for cross-platform applications. 4) Unlike MongoDB, MySQL is more suitable for structured data and transaction processing.
