MySQL的varchar最大长度_MySQL
以前一直都认为有两个字节来记录长度(长度小也可以用一个字节记录),所以这个问题当时觉得就挺无聊的不过后来群里有人给了解释,突然才发现原来事情不是这么简单
MYSQL COMPACT格式,每条记录有一个字节来表示NULL字段分布,如果表中有字段允许为空,则最大只能定到65532,如果没有字段允许为空,则那个字节可以节省,最大可以定义到65533,不知道是不是这个原因
于是上网看了些资料,又在本地做了些实验,原来vachar的最大长度真的是不定的(根据是否有非空字段来决定)
在本地做了下实验,innodb+latin的环境
代码如下:
-- success
drop table if exists test;
create table test(name varchar(65533) not null)engine=innodb DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
-- too large
drop table if exists test;
create table test(name varchar(65533))engine=innodb DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
对于第二种情况,允许空字段的时候是不能加到65533的长度的,最大只能到65532,到底应该是引文的那种说法。
网上也有人做了类似的实验,参考http://stackoverflow.com/questions/8295131/best-practise-for-sql-varchar-column-length
代码如下:
name varchar(100) not null will be 1 byte (length) + up to 100 chars (latin1)
name varchar(500) not null will be 2 bytes (length) + up to 500 chars (latin1)
name varchar(65533) not null will be 2 bytes (length) + up to 65533 chars (latin1)
name varchar(65532) will be 2 bytes (length) + up to 65532 chars (latin1) + 1 null byte
总结一下,原来mysql的vachar字段的类型虽然最大长度是65535,但是并不是能存这么多数据,最大可以到65533(不允许非空字段的时候),当允许非空字段的时候只能到65532。
以下是其它网友的补充说明:
这不是一个固定的数字。本文简要说明一下限制规则。
strlen 计算字符串长度,一个中文当2字符
mb_strlen根据它的字符编码模式,统计字符quot
count计算数组中的元素数目或对象中的属性个数
代码如下:
header('Content-Type:text/html;charset=UTF-8');
$string1="谢春业";//定义中文字符变量
$string2="xcy";//定义英文字符变量
//直接输出看看他们的长度
echo strlen($string1);
echo "";
echo strlen($string2);
echo "";
//用 php 多字节扩展函数 mb_strlen试试看
echo mb_strlen($string1,'utf8');
echo "";
echo mb_strlen($string2,'utf8');
echo "";
?>
输出结果是:
9
3
3
3
1、限制规则
字段的限制在字段定义的时候有以下规则:
a) 存储限制
varchar 字段是将实际内容单独存储在聚簇索引之外,内容开头用1到2个字节表示实际长度(长度超过255时需要2个字节),因此最大长度不能超过65535。
b) 编码长度限制
字符类型若为gbk,每个字符最多占2个字节,最大长度不能超过32766;
字符类型若为utf8,每个字符最多占3个字节,最大长度不能超过21845。
对于英文比较多的论坛 ,使用GBK则每个字符占用2个字节,而使用UTF-8英文却只占一个字节。
若定义的时候超过上述限制,则varchar字段会被强行转为text类型,并产生warning。
c) 行长度限制
导致实际应用中varchar长度限制的是一个行定义的长度。 MySQL要求一个行的定义长度不能超过65535。若定义的表长度超过这个值,则提示
ERROR 1118 (42000): Row size too large. The maximum row size for the used table type, not counting BLOBs, is 65535. You have to change some columns to TEXT or BLOBs。
2、计算例子
举两个例说明一下实际长度的计算。
a) 若一个表只有一个varchar类型,如定义为
create table t4(c varchar(N)) charset=gbk;
则此处N的最大值为(65535-1-2)/2= 32766。
减1的原因是实际行存储从第二个字节开始';
减2的原因是varchar头部的2个字节表示长度;
除2的原因是字符编码是gbk。
b) 若一个表定义为
create table t4(c int, c2 char(30), c3 varchar(N)) charset=utf8;
则此处N的最大值为 (65535-1-2-4-30*3)/3=21812
减1和减2与上例相同;
减4的原因是int类型的c占4个字节;
减30*3的原因是char(30)占用90个字节,编码是utf8。
如果被varchar超过上述的b规则,被强转成text类型,则每个字段占用定义长度为11字节,当然这已经不是“varchar”了。
来源:http://www.bitsCN.com/article/31589.htm

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap
Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Article

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1
Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version
Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1
Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6
Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version
God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

Hot Topics











The main role of MySQL in web applications is to store and manage data. 1.MySQL efficiently processes user information, product catalogs, transaction records and other data. 2. Through SQL query, developers can extract information from the database to generate dynamic content. 3.MySQL works based on the client-server model to ensure acceptable query speed.

InnoDB uses redologs and undologs to ensure data consistency and reliability. 1.redologs record data page modification to ensure crash recovery and transaction persistence. 2.undologs records the original data value and supports transaction rollback and MVCC.

MySQL is an open source relational database management system, mainly used to store and retrieve data quickly and reliably. Its working principle includes client requests, query resolution, execution of queries and return results. Examples of usage include creating tables, inserting and querying data, and advanced features such as JOIN operations. Common errors involve SQL syntax, data types, and permissions, and optimization suggestions include the use of indexes, optimized queries, and partitioning of tables.

MySQL's position in databases and programming is very important. It is an open source relational database management system that is widely used in various application scenarios. 1) MySQL provides efficient data storage, organization and retrieval functions, supporting Web, mobile and enterprise-level systems. 2) It uses a client-server architecture, supports multiple storage engines and index optimization. 3) Basic usages include creating tables and inserting data, and advanced usages involve multi-table JOINs and complex queries. 4) Frequently asked questions such as SQL syntax errors and performance issues can be debugged through the EXPLAIN command and slow query log. 5) Performance optimization methods include rational use of indexes, optimized query and use of caches. Best practices include using transactions and PreparedStatemen

MySQL is chosen for its performance, reliability, ease of use, and community support. 1.MySQL provides efficient data storage and retrieval functions, supporting multiple data types and advanced query operations. 2. Adopt client-server architecture and multiple storage engines to support transaction and query optimization. 3. Easy to use, supports a variety of operating systems and programming languages. 4. Have strong community support and provide rich resources and solutions.

Compared with other programming languages, MySQL is mainly used to store and manage data, while other languages such as Python, Java, and C are used for logical processing and application development. MySQL is known for its high performance, scalability and cross-platform support, suitable for data management needs, while other languages have advantages in their respective fields such as data analytics, enterprise applications, and system programming.

MySQL index cardinality has a significant impact on query performance: 1. High cardinality index can more effectively narrow the data range and improve query efficiency; 2. Low cardinality index may lead to full table scanning and reduce query performance; 3. In joint index, high cardinality sequences should be placed in front to optimize query.

MySQL is suitable for small and large enterprises. 1) Small businesses can use MySQL for basic data management, such as storing customer information. 2) Large enterprises can use MySQL to process massive data and complex business logic to optimize query performance and transaction processing.
