mysql insert语句操作实例讲解_MySQL
insert的语法
代码如下:
INSERT [LOW_PRIORITY | DELAYED | HIGH_PRIORITY] [IGNORE]
[INTO] tbl_name [(col_name,...)]
VALUES ({expr | DEFAULT},...),(...),...
[ ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE col_name=expr, ... ]
或:
INSERT [LOW_PRIORITY | DELAYED | HIGH_PRIORITY] [IGNORE]
[INTO] tbl_name
SET col_name={expr | DEFAULT}, ...
[ ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE col_name=expr, ... ]
或:
INSERT [LOW_PRIORITY | HIGH_PRIORITY] [IGNORE]
[INTO] tbl_name [(col_name,...)]
SELECT ...
[ ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE col_name=expr, ... ]
如果列清单和VALUES清单均为空清单,则INSERT会创建一个行,每个列都被设置为默认值:
代码如下:
INSERT INTO tbl_name () VALUES();
假设worker表只有name和email,插入一条数据
代码如下:
insert into worker values(“tom”,”tom@yahoo.com”);
批量插入多条数据
代码如下:
insert into worker values(‘tom','tom@yahoo.com'),(‘paul','paul@yahoo.com');
给出要赋值的那个列,然后再列出值的插入数据
代码如下:
insert into worker (name) values (‘tom');
insert into worker (name) values (‘tom'), (‘paul');
使用set插入数据
代码如下:
insert into worker set name='tom';
在 SET 子句中未命名的行都赋予一个缺省值,使用这种形式的 INSERT 语句不能插入多行。
一个expression可以引用在一个值表先前设置的任何列,例如:
代码如下:
INSERT INTO tbl_name (col1,col2) VALUES(15,col1*2);
--但不能这样
INSERT INTO tbl_name (col1,col2) VALUES(col2*2,15);
使用INSERT…SELECT语句插入从其他表选择的行
代码如下:
insert into tbl_name1(col1,col2) select col3,col4 from tbl_name2;
--如果每一列都有数据
insert into tbl_name1 select col3,col4 from tbl_name2;
查询不能包含一个ORDER BY子句,而且INSERT语句的目的表不能出现在SELECT查询部分的FROM子句.
ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE
如果您指定了ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE,并且插入行后会导致在一个UNIQUE索引或PRIMARY KEY中出现重复值,则执行旧行UPDATE。
代码如下:
--假设a,b为唯一索引,表table没有1,2这样的行是正常插入数据,冲突时,更新c列的值
INSERT INTO table (a,b,c) VALUES (1,2,3) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE c=3;
--或者是
INSERT INTO table (a,b,c) VALUES (1,2,3) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE c=values(c);
--引用其他列更新冲突的行
INSERT INTO table (a,b,c) VALUES (1,2,3),(4,5,6) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE c=VALUES(a)+VALUES(b);
向一个已定义为NOT NULL的列中插入NULL。对于一个多行INSERT语句或INSERT INTO...SELECT语句,根据列数据的类型,列被设置为隐含的默认值。对于数字类型,默认值为0;对于字符串类型,默认值为空字符串('');对于日期和时间类型,默认值为“zero”值。
INSERT INTO...SELECT的ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE
代码如下:
insert into tbl_name1(a,b,c)
select col1,col2,col3 from tbl_name2
ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE c=values(c);
INSERT DELAYED
如果您的客户端不能等待INSERT完成,则这个选项是非常有用的,当一个客户端使用INSERT DELAYED时,会立刻从服务器处得到一个确定。并且行被排入队列,当表没有被其它线程使用时,此行被插入。
使用INSERT DELAYED的另一个重要的好处是,来自许多客户端的插入被集中在一起,并被编写入一个块。这比执行许多独立的插入要快很多。
代码如下:
INSERT DELAYED INTO worker (name) values (‘tom'), (‘paul');
使用DELAYED时有一些限制:
1.INSERT DELAYED仅适用于MyISAM, MEMORY和ARCHIVE表。对于MyISAM表,如果在数据文件的中间没有空闲的块,则支持同时采用SELECT和INSERT语句。在这些情况下,基本不需要对MyISAM使用INSERT DELAYED。
2.INSERT DELAYED应该仅用于指定值清单的INSERT语句。服务器忽略用于INSERT DELAYED...SELECT语句的DELAYED和INSERT DELAYED...ON DUPLICATE UPDATE语句的DELAYED。
3.因为在行被插入前,语句立刻返回,所以您不能使用LAST_INSERT_ID()来获取AUTO_INCREMENT值。AUTO_INCREMENT值可能由语句生成。
4.对于SELECT语句,DELAYED行不可见,直到这些行确实被插入了为止。
5.DELAYED在从属复制服务器中被忽略了,因为DELAYED不会在从属服务器中产生与主服务器不一样的数据。

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