8种MySQL分页方法总结_MySQL
MySQL的分页似乎一直是个问题,有什么优化方法吗?网上看到网上推荐了一些分页方法,但似乎不太可行,你能点评一下吗?
方法1: 直接使用数据库提供的SQL语句
---语句样式: MySQL中,可用如下方法: SELECT * FROM 表名称 LIMIT M,N。
---适应场景: 适用于数据量较少的情况(元组百/千级)。
---原因/缺点: 全表扫描,速度会很慢 且 有的数据库结果集返回不稳定(如某次返回1,2,3,另外的一次返回2,1,3)。Limit限制的是从结果集的M位置处取出N条输出,其余抛弃。
方法2: 建立主键或唯一索引, 利用索引(假设每页10条)
---语句样式: MySQL中,可用如下方法:
代码如下:
SELECT * FROM 表名称 WHERE id_pk > (pageNum*10) LIMIT M。
---适应场景: 适用于数据量多的情况(元组数上万)。
---原因: 索引扫描,速度会很快。有朋友提出因为数据查询出来并不是按照pk_id排序的,所以会有漏掉数据的情况,只能方法3。
方法3: 基于索引再排序
---语句样式: MySQL中,可用如下方法: SELECT * FROM 表名称 WHERE id_pk > (pageNum*10) ORDER BY id_pk ASC LIMIT M。
---适应场景: 适用于数据量多的情况(元组数上万). 最好ORDER BY后的列对象是主键或唯一所以,使得ORDERBY操作能利用索引被消除但结果集是稳定的(稳定的含义,参见方法1)。
---原因: 索引扫描,速度会很快. 但MySQL的排序操作,只有ASC没有DESC(DESC是假的,未来会做真正的DESC,期待)。
方法4: 基于索引使用prepare(第一个问号表示pageNum,第二个?表示每页元组数)
---语句样式: MySQL中,可用如下方法:
代码如下:
PREPARE stmt_name FROM SELECT * FROM 表名称 WHERE id_pk > (?* ?) ORDER BY id_pk
ASC LIMIT M。
---适应场景: 大数据量。
---原因: 索引扫描,速度会很快. prepare语句又比一般的查询语句快一点。
方法5:利用MySQL支持ORDER操作可以利用索引快速定位部分元组,避免全表扫描
---比如: 读第1000到1019行元组(pk是主键/唯一键)。
代码如下:
---SELECT * FROM your_table WHERE pk>=1000 ORDER BY pk ASC LIMIT 0,20。
方法6: 利用"子查询/连接+索引"快速定位元组的位置,然后再读取元组. 道理同方法5
---如(id是主键/唯一键,蓝色字体时变量):
利用子查询示例:
代码如下:
SELECT* FROMyour_table WHEREid
(SELECTid FROMyour_table ORDER
BYid descLIMIT ($page-1)*$pagesize ORDERBYid desc
LIMIT $pagesize
利用连接示例:
代码如下:
SELECT* FROMyour_table ASt1
JOIN(SELECTid FROMyour_table ORDERBY
id descLIMIT ($page-1)*$pagesize ASt2
WHERE
t1.id
方法7: 存储过程类(最好融合上述方法5/6)
---语句样式: 不再给出
---适应场景: 大数据量. 作者推荐的方法
---原因: 把操作封装在服务器,相对更快一些。
方法8: 反面方法
---网上有人写使用 SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS。 没有道理,勿模仿 。
基本上,可以推广到所有数据库,道理是一样的。但方法5未必能推广到其他数据库,推广的前提是,其他数据库支持ORDER BY操作可以利用索引直接完成排序。

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