Home Database Mysql Tutorial Mysql存储引擎InnoDB和Myisam的六大区别_MySQL

Mysql存储引擎InnoDB和Myisam的六大区别_MySQL

Jun 01, 2016 pm 01:04 PM
innodb myisam mysql storage engine

 

MyISAM

InnoDB

  构成上的区别:

 

  每个MyISAM在磁盘上存储成三个文件。第一个文件的名字以表的名字开始,扩展名指出文件类型。

  .frm文件存储表定义。

  数据文件的扩展名为.MYD (MYData)。

  索引文件的扩展名是.MYI (MYIndex)。

 

  基于磁盘的资源是InnoDB表空间数据文件和它的日志文件,InnoDB 表的大小只受限于操作系统文件的大小,一般为 2GB
 
  事务处理上方面:

 

  MyISAM类型的表强调的是性能,其执行数度比InnoDB类型更快,但是不提供事务支持

 

  InnoDB提供事务支持事务,外部键等高级数据库功能

 

  SELECT   UPDATE,INSERTDelete操作
 
  如果执行大量的SELECT,MyISAM是更好的选择

 

  1.如果你的数据执行大量的INSERTUPDATE,出于性能方面的考虑,应该使用InnoDB表

  2.DELETE   FROM table时,InnoDB不会重新建立表,而是一行一行的删除。

  3.LOAD   TABLE FROM MASTER操作对InnoDB是不起作用的,解决方法是首先把InnoDB表改成MyISAM表,导入数据后再改成InnoDB表,但是对于使用的额外的InnoDB特性(例如外键)的表不适用

 

  AUTO_INCREMENT的操作

 
 

  每表一个AUTO_INCREMEN列的内部处理。

  MyISAMINSERTUPDATE操作自动更新这一列。这使得AUTO_INCREMENT列更快(至少10%)。在序列顶的值被删除之后就不能再利用。(当AUTO_INCREMENT列被定义为多列索引的最后一列,可以出现重使用从序列顶部删除的值的情况)。

  AUTO_INCREMENT值可用ALTER TABLE或myisamch来重置

  对于AUTO_INCREMENT类型的字段,InnoDB中必须包含只有该字段的索引,但是在MyISAM表中,可以和其他字段一起建立联合索引

  更好和更快的auto_increment处理

 

  如果你为一个表指定AUTO_INCREMENT列,在数据词典里的InnoDB表句柄包含一个名为自动增长计数器的计数器,它被用在为该列赋新值。

  自动增长计数器仅被存储在主内存中,而不是存在磁盘上

  关于该计算器的算法实现,请参考

  AUTO_INCREMENT列在InnoDB里如何工作

 

  表的具体行数
 
  select count(*) from table,MyISAM只要简单的读出保存好的行数,注意的是,当count(*)语句包含   where条件时,两种表的操作是一样的

 

  InnoDB 中不保存表的具体行数,也就是说,执行select count(*) from table时,InnoDB要扫描一遍整个表来计算有多少行

 

 
 
  表锁

 

  提供行锁(locking on row level),提供与 Oracle 类型一致的不加锁读取(non-locking read in
   SELECTs),另外,InnoDB表的行锁也不是绝对的,如果在执行一个SQL语句时MySQL不能确定要扫描的范围,InnoDB表同样会锁全表,例如update table set num=1 where name like “%aaa%”
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