Home Database Mysql Tutorial MySQL存储IP地址的方法_MySQL

MySQL存储IP地址的方法_MySQL

Jun 01, 2016 pm 12:59 PM
mysql

为什么要问如何存储IP?

首先就来阐明一下部分人得反问:为什么要问IP得怎样存,直接varchar类型不就得了吗?

其实做任何程序设计都要在功能实现的基础上最大限度的优化性能。而数据库设计是程序设计中不可忽略的一个重要部分,所以巧存IP地址可以一定程度获得很大提升。

利用函数算法处理

在MySQL中没有直接提供IP类型字段,但如果有两个函数可以把IP与最大长度为10位数字类型互转,所以使用int类型存储IP比varchar类型存储IP地址性能要提升很多,减少不少空间。因为varchar是可变长形,需要多余的一个字节存储长度。另外int型在逻辑运算上要比varchar速度快。

 
IP转数字函数inet_aton()

我们转换下几个常用的IP地址

 mysql> select inet_aton('255.255.255.255');
 +------------------------------+
 | inet_aton('255.255.255.255') |
 +------------------------------+
 |          4294967295 |
 +------------------------------+
 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
  
 mysql> select inet_aton('192.168.1.1');  
 +--------------------------+
 | inet_aton('192.168.1.1') |
 +--------------------------+
 |        3232235777 |
 +--------------------------+
 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
  
 mysql> select inet_aton('10.10.10.10');
 +--------------------------+
 | inet_aton('10.10.10.10') |
 +--------------------------+
 |        168430090 |
 +--------------------------+
 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
Copy after login

所以IP的表字段可以设置为INT(10)就好,如果IP获取不到可以直接存0代表获取不到IP的意思

数字转IP函数inet_ntoa()

 mysql> select inet_ntoa(4294967295);
 +-----------------------+
 | inet_ntoa(4294967295) |
 +-----------------------+
 | 255.255.255.255    |
 +-----------------------+
 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
 
 mysql> select inet_ntoa(3232235777);
 +-----------------------+
 | inet_ntoa(3232235777) |
 +-----------------------+
 | 192.168.1.1      |
 +-----------------------+
 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
 
 mysql> select inet_ntoa(168430090);
 +----------------------+
 | inet_ntoa(168430090) |
 +----------------------+
 | 10.10.10.10     |
 +----------------------+
 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
  
 mysql> select inet_ntoa(0);    
 +--------------+
 | inet_ntoa(0) |
 +--------------+
 | 0.0.0.0   |
 +--------------+
 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
Copy after login

注意,0转换为 0.0.0.0

 整型字段的比较比字符串效率高很多,这也符合一项优化原则:字段类型定义使用最合适(最小),最简单的数据类型。
inet_aton()算法,其实借用了国际上对各国IP地址的区分中使用的ip number。
a.b.c.d 的ip number是:
a * 256的3次方 + b * 256的2次方 + c * 256的1次方 + d * 256的0次方。

以上讲解的就是MySQL存储IP地址的方法,希望能够对大家的学习有所帮助。

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