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不一样的项目,不一样的PHP_PHP

Jun 01, 2016 pm 12:30 PM
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  在首页看到一篇文章 PHP做Web项目的优缺点, 自己也来废话几句。

  其实PHP是一个很优秀的工具,它可以简单,也可以复杂。不一样的项目,应该用不一样的PHP。

  小项目 - 简单而直接的PHP

  一般对于一个功能页面在20以下的网站,我们可以用一个很简单的框架结构来写。在这个规模上,我建议是使用比较直接的面向过程编码方法,原因很简单,没有必要把class文件弄的N 多,结果controller里边就一个new就完了。当然,需求频繁变化的项目除外。

  在这个级别上,php优点表现的很明显:快速开发,一目了然。缺点同时也被隐藏得很好。

  中型项目 - 结构优美的OO化的PHP

  对于一个中型项目,我建议使用一个良好设计的框架来做,这个框架可以是基于MVC模型,封装了众多底层操作的,当然,一定要有一个好的最好是透明的cache机制,这样,我们为了适应变化而加入的OO机制可以运行得更快更好。

  在这个级别上。php的缺点开始凸现,像对OO支持的不完整(这个PHP5有很大改进),只能单线程模式。另外一些外围工具开始出现缺乏支持,像PHP没有好的重构工具,没有好的集成到IDE中的单元测试工具。优点当然还是原来的快速开发,广泛的可用的开源资源。

  大型项目 - 扩展、优化后的PHP

  这里的大型项目,简单的指分布式项目,就是说,你的程序需要被部署在N台服务器上了。在这个层级上,PHP比起j2ee的确缺乏很多支持。我曾和shadow在735上详细讨论过PHP要在大型系统上应用需要解决的一些问题,当然这些问题不光是PHP这个语言的问题,也包括了周边开发的问题:

  1 PHP的页面代码共享,PHP的源代码被载入内存一次以后,就在其中保留 - 这个用APC和Zend的优化器可以搞定。

  2 PHP页面之间的数据对象共享,a.php和b.php之间可以共享一个数据对象,比如数组,这个现在可以用序列化来作,但是会有文件io,这块可以用共享内存或者memcached来处理。

  3 PHP的数据库连接池,因为在多前端的情况下,PHP控制不住对数据库的连接,所以需要在数据库前边去作一个连接池,类似于sqlrelay的东西。另外数据缓存也是很重要的,大压力开发有一个tip,就是能不动数据库就不要动数据库。

  4 PHP的前端cache系统。一个透明的可控制的cache机制,确保网站的页面以最少次数查询数据库。这个有很多实现,但是没有找到特别好的。

  5 上回说到这里时汽车就到站了 呵呵 ^_^ 不过我认为,一个PHP应用,成功的解决调这几个问题以后,应付稍微大一点的压力是没有什么问题的。

  在这个级别上,我们就不再去谈什么优点缺点了,重要的是,把PHP java C python之类融合起来,使其成为一个高效系统。我们可以用memcached来做分布式内存管理,可以用 Lucene 来作全文检索,用ejb 容器来放一些业务逻辑组件,PHP则作为前端和系统的胶水,快速而灵活的把这些东东粘合起来。

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