Table of Contents
02 pstree
03 bc
04 split
05 nl
06 mkfifo
07 ldd
08 col
09 xmlwf
10 lsof
Home Operation and Maintenance Linux Operation and Maintenance 10 Linux commands to make your operations more efficient

10 Linux commands to make your operations more efficient

Aug 03, 2023 pm 03:49 PM
linux linux command


$ pgrep -u hchen2244122444
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这个命令相当于:

ps -ef | egrep '^hchen' | awk '{print $2}'
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02 pstree

这个命令可以以树形的方式列出进程。如下所示:

[hchen@RHELSVR5 ~]$ pstreeinit-+-acpid     |-auditd-+-python     |        `-{auditd}     |-automount---4*[{automount}]     |-backup.sh---sleep     |-dbus-daemon     |-events/0     |-events/1     |-hald---hald-runner---hald-addon-acpi     |-httpd---10*[httpd]     |-irqbalance     |-khelper     |-klogd     |-ksoftirqd/0     |-ksoftirqd/1     |-kthread-+-aio/0     |         |-aio/1     |         |-ata/0     |         |-ata/1     |         |-ata_aux     |         |-cqueue/0     |         |-cqueue/1     |         |-kacpid     |         |-kauditd     |         |-kblockd/0     |         |-kblockd/1     |         |-kedac     |         |-khubd     |         |-6*[kjournald]     |         |-kmirrord     |         |-kpsmoused     |         |-kseriod     |         |-kswapd0     |         |-2*[pdflush]     |         |-scsi_eh_0     |         |-scsi_eh_1     |         |-xenbus     |         `-xenwatch     |-migration/0     |-migration/1     |-6*[mingetty]     |-3*[multilog]     |-mysqld_safe---mysqld---9*[{mysqld}]     |-smartd     |-sshd---sshd---sshd---bash---pstree     |-svscanboot---svscan-+-3*[supervise---run]     |                     |-supervise---qmail-send-+-qmail-clean     |                     |                        |-qmail-lspawn     |                     |                        `-qmail-rspawn     |                     `-2*[supervise---tcpserver]     |-syslogd     |-udevd     |-watchdog/0     |-watchdog/1     -xinetd
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03 bc

这个命令主要是做一个精度比较高的数学运算的。比如开平方根等。下面是一个我们利用bc命令写的一个脚本(文件名:sqrt)

#!/bin/bash
if [ $# -ne 1 ]
then
    echo 'Usage: sqrt number'
    exit 1else
    echo -e "sqrt($1)\nquit\n" | bc -q -i
fi
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于是,我们可以这样使用这个脚本进行平方根运算:

[hchen@RHELSVR5]$ ./sqrt 36
6
[hchen@RHELSVR5]$ ./sqrt 2.0000
1.4142
[hchen@RHELSVR5]$ ./sqrt 10.0000
3.1622
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04 split

如果你有一个很大的文件,你想把其分割成一些小的文件,那么这个命令就是干这件事的了。
[hchen@RHELSVR5 applebak]# ls -l largefile.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 hchen hchen 436774774 04-17 02:00 largefile.tar.gz


[hchen@RHELSVR5 applebak]# split -b 50m largefile.tar.gz LF_


[hchen@RHELSVR5]# ls -l LF_*-rw-r--r-- 1 hchen hchen 52428800 05-10 18:34 LF_aa
-rw-r--r-- 1 hchen hchen 52428800 05-10 18:34 LF_ab
-rw-r--r-- 1 hchen hchen 52428800 05-10 18:34 LF_ac
-rw-r--r-- 1 hchen hchen 52428800 05-10 18:34 LF_ad
-rw-r--r-- 1 hchen hchen 52428800 05-10 18:34 LF_ae
-rw-r--r-- 1 hchen hchen 52428800 05-10 18:35 LF_af
-rw-r--r-- 1 hchen hchen 52428800 05-10 18:35 LF_ag
-rw-r--r-- 1 hchen hchen 52428800 05-10 18:35 LF_ah
-rw-r--r-- 1 hchen hchen 17344374 05-10 18:35 LF_ai
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文件合并只需要使用简单的合并就行了,如:
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[hchen@RHELSVR5]#  cat LF_* >largefile.tar.gz
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05 nl

<span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;">nl</span>命令其它和<span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;">cat</span>命令很像,只不过它会打上行号。如下所示:

[hchen@RHELSVR5 include]# nl stdio.h | head -n 10     1  /* Define ISO C stdio on top of C++ iostreams.          2     Copyright (C) 1991,1994-2004,2005,2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc.          3     This file is part of the GNU C Library.          4     The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or          5     modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public          6     License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either          7     version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.          8     The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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06 mkfifo

熟悉Unix的人都应该知道这个是一个创建有名管道的系统调用或命令。
平时,我们在命令行上使用竖线“|”把命令串起来是使用无命管道。
而我们使用mkfifo则使用的是有名管道。下面是示例:
下面是创建一个有名管道:
[hchen@RHELSVR5 ~]# mkfifo /tmp/hchenpipe
[hchen@RHELSVR5 ~]# ls -l /tmpprw-rw-r-- 1 hchen  hchen  0 05-10 18:58 hchenpipe
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然后,我们在一个shell中运行如下命令,这个命令不会返回,除非有人从这个有名管道中把信息读走。
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[hchen@RHELSVR5 ~]# ls -al > /tmp/hchenpipe
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我们在另一个命令窗口中读取这个管道中的信息:(其会导致上一个命令返回)

[hchen@RHELSVR5 ~]# head /tmp/hchenpipedrwx------ 8 hchen hchen    4096 05-10 18:27 .drwxr-xr-x 7 root  root     4096 03-05 00:06 ..drwxr-xr-x 3 hchen hchen    4096 03-01 18:13 backup-rw------- 1 hchen hchen     721 05-05 22:12 .bash_history-rw-r--r-- 1 hchen hchen      24 02-28 22:20 .bash_logout-rw-r--r-- 1 hchen hchen     176 02-28 22:20 .bash_profile-rw-r--r-- 1 hchen hchen     124 02-28 22:20 .bashrc-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root    14002 03-07 00:29 index.htm-rw-r--r-- 1 hchen hchen   31465 03-01 23:48 index.php
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07 ldd

这个命令可以知道你的一个可执行文件所使用了动态链接库。如:

[hchen@RHELSVR5 ~]# ldd /usr/bin/java        linux-gate.so.1 =>  (0x00cd9000)        libgij.so.7rh => /usr/lib/libgij.so.7rh (0x00ed3000)        libgcj.so.7rh => /usr/lib/libgcj.so.7rh (0x00ed6000)        libpthread.so.0 => /lib/i686/nosegneg/libpthread.so.0 (0x00110000)        librt.so.1 => /lib/i686/nosegneg/librt.so.1 (0x009c8000)        libdl.so.2 => /lib/libdl.so.2 (0x008b5000)        libz.so.1 => /usr/lib/libz.so.1 (0x00bee000)        libgcc_s.so.1 => /lib/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x00aa7000)        libc.so.6 => /lib/i686/nosegneg/libc.so.6 (0x0022f000)        libm.so.6 => /lib/i686/nosegneg/libm.so.6 (0x00127000)        /lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0x00214000)
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08 col

这个命令可以让你把man文件转成纯文本文件。如下示例:

# PAGER=cat# man less | col -b > less.txt
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09 xmlwf

这个命令可以让你检查一下一个XML文档是否是所有的tag都是正常的。如:

[hchen@RHELSVR5 ~]# curl &#39;https://coolshell.cn/?feed=rss2&#39; > cocre.xml  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed100 64882    0 64882    0     0  86455      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 2073k[hchen@RHELSVR5 ~]# xmlwf cocre.xml[hchen@RHELSVR5 ~]# perl -i -pe &#39;s@<link>@<br>@g&#39; cocre.xml[hchen@RHELSVR5 ~]# xmlwf cocre.xmlcocre.xml:13:23: mismatched tag
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10 lsof

可以列出打开了的文件。

[root@RHELSVR5 ~]# lsof | grep TCPhttpd       548    apache    4u     IPv6   14300967    TCP *:http (LISTEN)httpd       548    apache    6u     IPv6   14300972    TCP *:https (LISTEN)httpd       561    apache    4u     IPv6   14300967    TCP *:http (LISTEN)httpd       561    apache    6u     IPv6   14300972    TCP *:https (LISTEN)sshd       1764      root    3u     IPv6       4993    TCP *:ssh (LISTEN)tcpserver  8965      root    3u     IPv4  153795500    TCP *:pop3 (LISTEN)mysqld    10202     mysql   10u     IPv4   73819697    TCP *:mysql (LISTEN)sshd      10735      root    3u     IPv6  160731956    TCP 210.51.0.232:ssh->123.117.239.68:31810 (ESTABLISHED)sshd      10767     hchen    3u     IPv6  160731956    TCP 210.51.0.232:ssh->123.117.239.68:31810 (ESTABLISHED)vsftpd    11095      root    3u     IPv4  152157957    TCP *:ftp (LISTEN)
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