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PHP语言中global和$GLOBALS[]的分析 之二_PHP

Jun 01, 2016 pm 12:12 PM
global

还是借用上一篇的例子:

PHP代码
复制代码 代码如下:
// 例子1
function test_global() {
global $var1, $var2;
$var2 =& $var1;
}
function test_globals() {
$GLOBALS['var3'] =& $GLOBALS['var1'];
}
$var1 = 5;
$var2 = $var3 = 0;
test_global();
print $var2 .”\n”;
test_globals();
print $var3 .”\n”;
?>

执行结果为:
0
5
怎么会这样呢?不应该是2个5吗?怎么会出现1个0和1个5呢?

恩,我们保留以上问题,深入分析$GLOBALS和global的原理!
我们都知道变量其实是相应物理内存在代码中的”代号”而已
引用php手册的$GLOBALS的解释:
Global 变量:$GLOBALS,注意: $GLOBALS 在 PHP 3.0.0 及以后版本中适用。
由所有已定义全局变量组成的数组。变量名就是该数组的索引。这是一个“superglobal”,或者可以描述为自动全局变量。
也就是说上面代码中的$var1和$GLOBALS['var1']是指的同一变量,而不是2个不同的变量!
下面来分析global到底做了什么?
引用php手册的global的解释:
如果在一个函数内部给一个声明为 global 的变量赋于一个引用,该引用只在函数内部可见。可以通过使用 $GLOBALS 数组避免这一点。
我们都知道php中的函数所产生的变量都是函数的私有变量,那么global关键字产生的变量也肯定逃不出这个规则,为什么这么说呢,看下面的代码:
PHP代码
复制代码 代码如下:
// 例子2
function test() {
global $a;
unset($a);
}
$a = 1;
test();
print $a;
?>

执行结果为:
1
为什么会输出1呢?不是已经把$a给unset了吗?unset失灵了?php的bug?
都不是,其实unset起作用了,是把test函数中的$a给unset掉了,可以在函数test()中加入
print $a;
来测试!
接着回到上面的例子1,看test_global中的这一代码“$var2 =& $var1;”,上面是一个引用赋值运算,也就是$var2将指向var1所指向的物理内存地址,所以例子1执行过test_global函数以后,变量的变化只在函数的局部产生效应,在函数外部$var2的指向物理内存地址并没有变化,还是它自己.
此时,就能理解为什么例子1执行完以后,$var2是0,而$var3是5了!
所以我们得出一个结论,在函数中global和$GLOBALS[]的区别在于:
global在函数产生一个指向函数外部变量的别名变量,而不是真正的函数外部变量,一但改变了别名变量的指向地址,就会发生一些意料不到情况,例如例子 1.
$GLOBALS[]确确实实调用是外部的变量,函数内外会始终保持一致
可以对照 下面两个列子再加深下印象:
global:
复制代码 代码如下:
function myfunction(){
global $bar;
unset($bar);
}
$bar=”someting”;
myfunction();
echo $bar;
?>

输出:someting
$GLOBALS[]:
复制代码 代码如下:
function foo()
{
unset($GLOBALS['bar']);
}
$bar = “something”;
foo();
echo $bar;
?>

输出:空
当按照上面的思路理解后,碰到下面的情况是不是又有些晕呢?
复制代码 代码如下:
$a = 1;
$b = 2;
function Sum()
{
global $a, $b;
$b = $a + $b;
}
Sum();
echo $b;
?>

输出将是 “3″。在函数中申明 了全局变量 $a 和 $b,任何变量的所有引用变量都会指向到全局变量。
怎么不是2呢,在函数外部不是不影响吗,请注意$b在函数中并没有通过引用修改,而是修改的$b指向物理内存的值,因此外部输入为3。

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