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php中常用的预定义变量小结_PHP

Jun 01, 2016 pm 12:11 PM
Predefined variables

复制代码 代码如下:
echo "当前操作系统信息".PHP_OS."
";
echo '本文件路径和文件名为:'.__FILE__.'
';
echo "当前PHP版本信息".PHP_VERSION."
";
?>


常用的php预定义变量!

前面的$_SERVER[PHP_SELF]返回的是一段信息,如"/upload/try.php"而后面的则返回一个数组:如:$path_parts = pathinfo('index.html');echo $path_parts['dirname'], "\n";echo $path_parts['basename'], "\n";echo $path_parts['extension'], "\n";echo $path_parts['filename'], "\n"; // since PHP 5.2.0将返回:/uploadindex.htmlhtmlindex
"PHP_SELF"
当前正在执行脚本的文件名,与 document root 相关。举例来说,在 URL 地址为 http://example.com/test.php/foo.bar 的脚本中使用 $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'] 将会得到 /test.php/foo.bar 这个结果。
"SERVER_PROTOCOL"
请求页面时通信协议的名称和版本。例如,"HTTP/1.0"
REQUEST_METHOD"
访问页面时的请求方法。例如:"GET"、"HEAD","POST","PUT"。
注: 如果请求的方式是 HEAD,PHP 脚本将在送出头信息后中止(这意味着在产生任何输出后,不再有输出缓冲)。

"REQUEST_TIME"
请求开始时的时间戳。从 PHP 5.1.0 起有效。
"QUERY_STRING"
查询(query)的字符串(URL 中第一个问号 ? 之后的内容)。
"DOCUMENT_ROOT"
当前运行脚本所在的文档根目录。在服务器配置文件中定义。
"HTTP_ACCEPT"
当前请求的 Accept: 头信息的内容。
预定义变量 $_SERVER 常用例子
例: 我需要 获取当前的 的URL 地址

$url_this = "http://".$_SERVER ['HTTP_HOST'].$_SERVER['PHP_SELF'];
echo $url_this;


则显示 : http://localhost/lu.php

服务器变量:$_SERVER

注: 在 PHP 4.1.0 及以后版本使用。之前的版本,使用 $HTTP_SERVER_VARS。

$_SERVER 是一个包含诸如头部(headers)、路径(paths)和脚本位置(script locations)的数组。数组的实体由 web 服务器创建。不能保证所有的服务器都能产生所有的信息;服务器可能忽略了一些信息,或者产生了一些未在下面列出的新的信息。这意味着,大量的这些变量在 CGI 1.1 specification 中说明,所以您应该仔细研究它。

这是一个"superglobal",或者可以描述为自动全局变量。这只不过意味这它在所有的脚本中都有效。在函数或方法中您不需要使用 global $_SERVER; 访问它,就如同使用 $HTTP_SERVER_VARS 一样。

$HTTP_SERVER_VARS 包含着同样的信息,但是不是一个自动全局变量。(注意: $HTTP_SERVER_VARS 和 $_SERVER 是不同的变量,PHP 处理它们的方式不同。)

如果设置了 register_globals 指令,这些变量也在所有脚本中可用;也就是,分离了 $_SERVER 和 $HTTP_SERVER_VARS 数组。相关信息,请参阅安全的相关章节 使用 Register Globals。这些单独的全局变量不是自动全局变量。

您或许会发现下面列出的某些 $_SERVER 元素并不可用。注意,如果以命令行方式运行 PHP,下面列出的元素几乎没有有效的(或是没有任何实际意义的)。


"PHP_SELF"
当前正在执行脚本的文件名,与 document root相关。举例来说,在URL地址为 http://example.com/test.php/foo.bar 的脚本中使用 $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'] 将会得到 /test.php/foo.bar 这个结果。

如果 PHP 以命令行方式运行,该变量无效。

"argv"
传递给该脚本的参数。当脚本运行在命令行方式时,argv 变量传递给程序 C 语言样式的命令行参数。当调用 GET 方法时,该变量包含请求的数据。

"argc"
包含传递给程序的命令行参数的个数(如果运行在命令行模式)。

"GATEWAY_INTERFACE"
服务器使用的 CGI 规范的版本。例如,"CGI/1.1"。

'SERVER_NAME'
当前运行脚本所在服务器主机的名称。如果该脚本运行在一个虚拟主机上,该名称是由那个虚拟主机所设置的值决定。

'SERVER_SOFTWARE'
服务器标识的字串,在响应请求时的头部中给出。

"SERVER_PROTOCOL"
请求页面时通信协议的名称和版本。例如,"HTTP/1.0"。

"REQUEST_METHOD"
访问页面时的请求方法。例如:"GET"、"HEAD","POST","PUT"。

"QUERY_STRING"
查询(query)的字符串。

"DOCUMENT_ROOT"
当前运行脚本所在的文档根目录。在服务器配置文件中定义。

"HTTP_ACCEPT"
当前请求的 Accept: 头部的内容。

"HTTP_ACCEPT_CHARSET"
当前请求的 Accept-Charset: 头部的内容。例如:"iso-8859-1,*,utf-8"。

"HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING"
当前请求的 Accept-Encoding: 头部的内容。例如:"gzip"。

"HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE"
当前请求的 Accept-Language: 头部的内容。例如:"en"。

"HTTP_CONNECTION"
当前请求的 Connection: 头部的内容。例如:"Keep-Alive"。

"HTTP_HOST"
当前请求的 Host: 头部的内容。

"HTTP_REFERER"
链接到当前页面的前一页面的 URL 地址。不是所有的用户代理(浏览器)都会设置这个变量,而且有的还可以手工修改 HTTP_REFERER。因此,这个变量不总是正确真实的。

"HTTP_USER_AGENT"
当前请求的 User_Agent: 头部的内容。该字符串表明了访问该页面的用户代理的信息。一个典型的例子是:Mozilla/4.5 [en] (X11; U; Linux 2.2.9 i586)。您也可以使用 get_browser() 得到这个信息。

"REMOTE_ADDR"
正在浏览当前页面用户的 IP 地址。

'REMOTE_HOST'
正在浏览当前页面用户的主机名。反向域名解析基于该用户的 REMOTE_ADDR。

注: 必须配置 Web 服务器来建立此变量。例如 Apache 需要在 httpd.conf 中有 HostnameLookups On。参见 gethostbyaddr()。

"REMOTE_PORT"
用户连接到服务器时所使用的端口。

"SCRIPT_FILENAME"
当前执行脚本的绝对路径名。

"SERVER_ADMIN"
该值指明了 Apache 服务器配置文件中的 SERVER_ADMIN 参数。如果脚本运行在一个虚拟主机上,则该值是那个虚拟主机的值。

"SERVER_PORT"
服务器所使用的端口。默认为"80"。如果你使用 SSL 安全连接,则这个值为您所设置的 HTTP 端口。

"SERVER_SIGNATURE"
包含服务器版本和虚拟主机名的字符串。

"PATH_TRANSLATED"
当前脚本所在文件系统(不是文档根目录)的基本路径。这是在服务器进行虚拟到真实路径的映像后的结果。

"SCRIPT_NAME"
包含当前脚本的路径。这在页面需要指向自己时非常有用。

"REQUEST_URI"
访问此页面所需的 URI。例如,"/index.html"。

"PHP_AUTH_USER"
当 PHP 运行在 Apache 模块方式下,并且正在使用 HTTP 认证功能,这个变量便是用户输入的用户名。

"PHP_AUTH_PW"
当 PHP 运行在 Apache 模块方式下,并且正在使用 HTTP 认证功能,这个变量便是用户输入的密码。

"AUTH_TYPE"
当 PHP 运行在 Apache 模块方式下,并且正在使用 HTTP 认证功能,这个变量便是认证的类型。
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