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Php header()函数语法及使用代码_PHP

Jun 01, 2016 am 11:58 AM
php

语法:
复制代码 代码如下:
Void header(string $string[,bool $replace=true [, int $http_response_code)

向客户端发送原始的HTTP报头
需注意:
Header函数必须在任何实际的输出前调用,无论是一般的html标签、文件中空行,或者来自php。就是在这个函数之前不能有任何形式的输出。
参数说明:

参数 描述
string 必需。规定要发送的报头字符串。
replace 可选。指示该报头是否替换之前的报头,或添加第二个报头。
默认是 true(替换)。false(允许相同类型的多个报头)。

http_response_code 可选。把 HTTP 响应代码强制为指定的值。(PHP 4 以及更高版本可用)
常见用法实例:

一、发送服务器状态码

复制代码 代码如下:
header('HTTP/1.0 404 Not Found');

常用状态码:

状态码 说明
100-199 表示成功接收请求,要求客户端继续提交下一次请求才能完成整个处理过程
200-299 成功接收请求,并已完成整个处理过程,常用200
300-399 未完成请求,客户端需要进一步细化请求,比如,请求的资源已经移动到一个新的地址,常用302,304
400-499 客户端请求有误 常用404
500-599 服务器端出现错误,常用500
详细见:HTTP&FTP相应提示信息

二、页面跳转
复制代码 代码如下:
// 立即跳转
header('Location: http://www.bitsCN.com/');

// 3秒后跳转
header('refresh:3;url=http://www.bitsCN.com');

3.设置浏览器缓存

强制浏览器不进行缓存!
[code]
//header('Expires:-1');
header('Expires: Mon, 26 Jul 1997 05:00:00 GMT');
header('Cache-Control:no-cache,must-revalidate');
header('pragma:no-cache');
header('Last-Modified: '. date('D, j M Y H:i:s T') );

说明:
Expires后的时间必须是GMT格式的 如:gmdate(“M d Y H:i:s”);
Cache-control常见的取值有private、no-cache、max-age、must-revalidate等,默认为private。其作用根据不同的重新浏览方式分为以下几种情况。
Cache-directive 说明
public 所有内容都将被缓存
private 内容只缓存到私有缓存中
no-cache 所有内容都不会被缓存
no-store 所有内容都不会被缓存到缓存或 Internet 临时文件中
must-revalidation/proxy-revalidation 如果缓存的内容失效,请求必须发送到服务器/代理以进行重新验证
max-age=xxx (xxx is numeric) 缓存的内容将在 xxx 秒后失效, 这个选项只在HTTP 1.1可用, 并如果和Last-Modified一起使用时, 优先级较高
打开新窗口
如果指定cache-control的值为private、no-cache、must-revalidate,那么打开新窗口访问时都会重新访问服务器。而如果指定了max-age值,那么在此值内的时间就不会重新访问服务器,如:
复制代码 代码如下:
header('cache-control:max-age=5');

表示当访问此网页后的5秒内不会再次访问服务器

在地址栏回车
如果值为private或Must-revalidate,则只有第一次访问时会访问服务器,以后就不在访问。如果值为no-cache,那么每次都会访问。如果值为max-age,则在过期之前不会重复访问。
按后退按钮
如果值为private、must-revalidate、max-age,则不会重访问,而如果为no-cache,则每次都重复访问
按刷新按钮
无论何值,都会重复访问。当指定Cache-control值为“no-cache”时,访问此页面不会在Internet临时文章夹留下页面备份。另外,通过指定“Expires”值也会影响到缓存。例如,指定Expires值为一个早已过去的时间,那么访问此网时若重复在地址栏按回车,那么每次都会重复访问:
Expires: Fri, 31 Dec 1999 16:00:00 GMT
关于”Last-Modified
在浏览器第一次请求某一个URL时,服务器端的返回状态会是200,内容是你请求的资源,同时有一个Last-Modified的属性标记此文件在服务期端最后被修改的时间,格式类似这样:
Last-Modified: Fri, 12 May 2006 18:53:33 GMT
客户端第二次请求此URL时,根据 HTTP 协议的规定,浏览器会向服务器传送 If-Modified-Since 报头,询问该时间之后文件是否有被修改过:

If-Modified-Since: Fri, 12 May 2006 18:53:33 GMT
如果服务器端的资源没有变化,则自动返回 HTTP 304 (Not Changed.)状态码,内容为空,这样就节省了传输数据量。当服务器端代码发生改变或者重启服务器时,则重新发出资源,返回和第一次请求时类似。从而保证不向客户端重复发出资源,也保证当服务器有变化时,客户端能够得到最新的资源。

Last-Modified提高性能
聪明的开发者会把Last-Modified 和ETags请求的http报头一起使用,这样可利用客户端(例如浏览器)的缓存。因为服务器首先产生 Last-Modified/Etag标记,服务器可在稍后使用它来判断页面是否已经被修改。本质上,客户端通过将该记号传回服务器要求服务器验证其(客户端)缓存。

过程如下:

客户端请求一个页面(A)
服务器返回页面A,并在给A加上一个Last-Modified
客户端展现该页面,并将页面连同Last-Modified一起缓存
客户再次请求页面A,并将上次请求时服务器返回的Last-Modified一起传递给服务器
服务器检查该Last-Modified,并判断出该页面自上次客户端请求之后还未被修改,直接返回响应304和一个空的响应体。

三、文件下载
比如下载一个pdf文件
复制代码 代码如下:
// We'll be outputting a PDF
header('Content-type: application/pdf');

// It will be called downloaded.pdf
//表明他是附件,进行命名并下载
header('Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="downloaded.pdf"');

// The PDF source is in 1.pdf
readfile('1.pdf');

其实这样要更好的了解这些!
复制代码 代码如下:
header('content-type:application/octet-sream');
Header('Accept-Ranges:bytes');

//依字节返回
Header('content-disposition:attachement;filename="文件名"');
Header('Accept-length:'.$filesize);

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