Home Backend Development Golang golang template escape

golang template escape

May 27, 2023 pm 12:36 PM

<p>在使用golang的template时,我们经常会遇到一些需要转义的情况,例如HTML中的一些特殊字符(如<>)需要被转义为对应的HTML实体,否则可能会对前端页面造成安全性风险等问题。</p> <p>在golang中提供了两种方法进行template的转义,分别是自动转义和手动转义。</p> <p>自动转义</p> <p>在golang中,使用{{}}包含需要替换的内容作为占位符,例如模板代码如下:</p><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'>package main import ( "html/template" "os" ) func main() { tpl, err := template.New("test").Parse(`{{.}}`) if err != nil { panic(err) } err = tpl.Execute(os.Stdout, "&lt;script&gt;alert('hello');&lt;/script&gt;") if err != nil { panic(err) } }</pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div><p>输出结果为:</p><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'>&lt;script&gt;alert(&#39;hello&#39;);&lt;/script&gt;</pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div><p>可以看到,golang在输出结果时自动将<code>&lt;script&gt;</code>和<code>&lt;/script&gt;</code>转义为了HTML实体<code>&lt;</code>和<code>&gt;</code>,避免了执行不安全的脚本。</p><p>手动转义</p><p>在有些情况下,我们可能需要手动转义模板输出的内容,例如HTML中的特殊字符不一定需要全部转义,而只需要转义对应字符,或者在模板中输出一些自定义的格式而不是HTML字符串。</p><p>这时我们可以使用<code>html/template</code>包中的<code>HTMLEscapeString</code>和<code>JSEscapeString</code>函数进行手动转义。</p><p><code>HTMLEscapeString</code>函数用于将字符串中的HTML实体转义,例如:</p><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'>package main import ( "html/template" "os" ) func main() { tpl, err := template.New("test").Parse(`{{.}}`) if err != nil { panic(err) } data := "&lt;script&gt;alert('hello');&lt;/script&gt;" data = template.HTMLEscapeString(data) err = tpl.Execute(os.Stdout, data) if err != nil { panic(err) } }</pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div><p>输出结果为:</p><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'>&lt;script&gt;alert(&#39;hello&#39;);&lt;/script&gt;</pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div><p><code>JSEscapeString</code>函数用于将字符串中的特殊字符转义为可安全嵌入HTML或JavaScript中的字符,例如:</p><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'>package main import ( "html/template" "os" ) func main() { tpl, err := template.New("test").Parse(`{{.}}`) if err != nil { panic(err) } data := "&lt;script&gt;alert('hello');&lt;/script&gt;" data = template.JSEscapeString(data) err = tpl.Execute(os.Stdout, data) if err != nil { panic(err) } }</pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div><p>输出结果为:</p><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'>u003cscriptu003ealert(u0027hellou0027);u003c/scriptu003e</pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div><p>由于在JavaScript中<code><</code>和<code>></code>是字符串参数的开始和结束标记,因此在<code>JSEscapeString</code>函数中也会被转义为Unicode字符。</p> <p>总结</p> <p>在使用golang的template时,我们可以使用自动转义或手动转义的方式对模板输出进行转义处理,避免一些潜在的安全性问题。自动转义可以使用<code>{{}}</code>包含需要替换的内容来实现,而手动转义可以使用<code>HTMLEscapeString</code>和<code>JSEscapeString</code>函数。</p>

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