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Build mysql data table
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Home Database Mysql Tutorial How does Python crawl JD product information and comments and store them into MySQL?

How does Python crawl JD product information and comments and store them into MySQL?

May 26, 2023 pm 07:58 PM
mysql python

Build mysql data table

Question: When using SQL alchemy, non-primary keys cannot be set to auto-increment, but I want this non-primary key to be used only as an index, autoincrement=True Invalid, how to make it grow automatically?

from sqlalchemy import String,Integer,Text,Column
from sqlalchemy import create_engine
from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker
from sqlalchemy.orm import scoped_session
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
 
engine=create_engine(
    "mysql+pymysql://root:root@127.0.0.1:3306/jdcrawl?charset=utf8",
    pool_size=200,
    max_overflow=300,
    echo=False
)
 
BASE=declarative_base() # 实例化
 
class Goods(BASE):
    __tablename__='goods'
    id=Column(Integer(),primary_key=True,autoincrement=True)
    sku_id = Column(String(200), primary_key=True, autoincrement=False)
    name=Column(String(200))
    price=Column(String(200))
    comments_num=Column(Integer)
    shop=Column(String(200))
    link=Column(String(200))
 
class Comments(BASE):
    __tablename__='comments'
    id=Column(Integer(),primary_key=True,autoincrement=True,nullable=False)
    sku_id=Column(String(200),primary_key=True,autoincrement=False)
    comments=Column(Text())
 
BASE.metadata.create_all(engine)
Session=sessionmaker(engine)
sess_db=scoped_session(Session)
Copy after login

First version:

Problem:After crawling a few pages of comments, a blank page will be crawled. This is still the case after adding a refer

Try the solution: Change the thread pool where comments are obtained to a single thread, and increase the delay by 1s for each page of comments

# 不能爬太快!!!不然获取不到评论
 
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import requests
from urllib import parse
import csv,json,re
import threadpool
import time
from jd_mysqldb import Goods,Comments,sess_db
 
headers={
    'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/86.0.4240.198 Safari/537.36',
    'Cookie': '__jdv=76161171|baidu|-|organic|%25E4%25BA%25AC%25E4%25B8%259C|1613711947911; __jdu=16137119479101182770449; areaId=7; ipLoc-djd=7-458-466-0; PCSYCityID=CN_410000_0_0; shshshfpa=07383463-032f-3f99-9d40-639cb57c6e28-1613711950; shshshfpb=u8S9UvxK66gfIbM1mUNrIOg%3D%3D; user-key=153f6b4d-0704-4e56-82b6-8646f3f0dad4; cn=0; shshshfp=9a88944b34cb0ff3631a0a95907b75eb; __jdc=122270672; 3AB9D23F7A4B3C9B=SEELVNXBPU7OAA3UX5JTKR5LQADM5YFJRKY23Z6HDBU4OT2NWYGX525CKFFVHTRDJ7Q5DJRMRZQIQJOW5GVBY43XVI; jwotest_product=99; __jda=122270672.16137119479101182770449.1613711948.1613738165.1613748918.4; JSESSIONID=C06EC8D2E9384D2628AE22B1A6F9F8FC.s1; shshshsID=ab2ca3143928b1b01f6c5b71a15fcebe_5_1613750374847; __jdb=122270672.5.16137119479101182770449|4.1613748918',
    'Referer': 'https://www.jd.com/'
}
 
num=0   # 商品数量
comments_num=0   # 评论数量
 
# 获取商品信息和SkuId
def getIndex(url):
    session=requests.Session()
    session.headers=headers
    global num
    res=session.get(url,headers=headers)
    print(res.status_code)
    res.encoding=res.apparent_encoding
    soup=BeautifulSoup(res.text,'lxml')
    items=soup.select('li.gl-item')
    for item in items[:3]:  # 爬取3个商品测试
        title=item.select_one('.p-name a em').text.strip().replace(' ','')
        price=item.select_one('.p-price strong').text.strip().replace('¥','')
        try:
            shop=item.select_one('.p-shopnum a').text.strip()   # 获取书籍时查找店铺的方法
        except:
            shop=item.select_one('.p-shop a').text.strip()  #   获取其他商品时查找店铺的方法
        link=parse.urljoin('https://',item.select_one('.p-img a').get('href'))
        SkuId=re.search('\d+',link).group()
        comments_num=getCommentsNum(SkuId,session)
        print(SkuId,title, price, shop, link, comments_num)
        print("开始存入数据库...")
        try:
            IntoGoods(SkuId,title, price, shop, link, comments_num)
        except Exception as e:
            print(e)
            sess_db.rollback()
        num += 1
        print("正在获取评论...")
        # 获取评论总页数
        url1 = f'https://club.jd.com/comment/productPageComments.action?productId={SkuId}&score=0&sortType=5&page=0&pageSize=10'
        headers['Referer'] = f'https://item.jd.com/{SkuId}.html'
        headers['Connection']='keep-alive'
        res2 = session.get(url1,headers=headers)
        res2.encoding = res2.apparent_encoding
        json_data = json.loads(res2.text)
        max_page = json_data['maxPage']  # 经测试最多可获取100页评论,每页10条
        args = []
        for i in range(0, max_page):
            # 使用此链接获取评论得到的为json格式
            url2 = f'https://club.jd.com/comment/productPageComments.action?productId={SkuId}&score=0&sortType=5&page={i}&pageSize=10'
            # 使用此链接获取评论得到的非json格式,需要提取
            # url2_2=f'https://club.jd.com/comment/productPageComments.action?callback=jQuery9287224&productId={SkuId}&score=0&sortType=5&page={i}&pageSize=10'
            args.append(([session,SkuId,url2], None))
        pool2 = threadpool.ThreadPool(2)   # 2个线程
        reque2 = threadpool.makeRequests(getComments,args)  # 创建任务
        for r in reque2:
            pool2.putRequest(r) # 提交任务到线程池
        pool2.wait()
 
# 获取评论总数量
def getCommentsNum(SkuId,sess):
    headers['Referer']=f'https://item.jd.com/{SkuId}.html'
    url=f'https://club.jd.com/comment/productCommentSummaries.action?referenceIds={SkuId}'
    res=sess.get(url,headers=headers)
    try:
        res.encoding=res.apparent_encoding
        json_data=json.loads(res.text)  # json格式转为字典
        num=json_data['CommentsCount'][0]['CommentCount']
        return num
    except:
        return 'Error'
 
# 获取评论
def getComments(sess,SkuId,url2):
    global comments_num
    print(url2)
    headers['Referer'] = f'https://item.jd.com/{SkuId}.html'
    res2 = sess.get(url2,headers=headers)
    res2.encoding='gbk'
    json_data=res2.text
    '''
    # 如果用url2_2需要进行如下操作提取json
    start = res2.text.find('jQuery9287224(') + len('jQuery9287224(')
    end = res2.text.find(');')
    json_data=res2.text[start:end]
    '''
    dict_data = json.loads(json_data)
    try:
        comments=dict_data['comments']
        for item in comments:
            comment=item['content'].replace('\n','')
            # print(comment)
            comments_num+=1
            try:
                IntoComments(SkuId,comment)
            except Exception as e:
                print(e)
                sess_db.rollback()
    except:
        pass
 
# 商品信息入库
def IntoGoods(SkuId,title, price, shop, link, comments_num):
    goods_data=Goods(
        sku_id=SkuId,
        name=title,
        price=price,
        comments_num=comments_num,
        shop=shop,
        link=link
    )
    sess_db.add(goods_data)
    sess_db.commit()
 
# 评论入库
def IntoComments(SkuId,comment):
    comments_data=Comments(
        sku_id=SkuId,
        comments=comment
    )
    sess_db.add(comments_data)
    sess_db.commit()
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    start_time=time.time()
    urls=[]
    KEYWORD=parse.quote(input("请输入要查询的关键词:"))
    for i in range(1,2):    # 爬取一页进行测试
        url=f'https://search.jd.com/Search?keyword={KEYWORD}&wq={KEYWORD}&page={i}'
        urls.append(([url,],None))  # threadpool要求必须这样写
    pool=threadpool.ThreadPool(2)  # 2个线程的线程池
    reque=threadpool.makeRequests(getIndex,urls)    # 创建任务
    for r in reque:
        pool.putRequest(r)  # 向线程池提交任务
    pool.wait() # 等待所有任务执行完毕
    print("共获取{}件商品,获得{}条评论,耗时{}".format(num,comments_num,time.time()-start_time))
Copy after login

Second version:

After testing, there will indeed be no blank page

Further optimization: Get reviews of more than 2 products at the same time

# 不能爬太快!!!不然获取不到评论
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import requests
from urllib import parse
import csv,json,re
import threadpool
import time
from jd_mysqldb import Goods,Comments,sess_db
 
headers={
    'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/86.0.4240.198 Safari/537.36',
    'Cookie': '__jdv=76161171|baidu|-|organic|%25E4%25BA%25AC%25E4%25B8%259C|1613711947911; __jdu=16137119479101182770449; areaId=7; ipLoc-djd=7-458-466-0; PCSYCityID=CN_410000_0_0; shshshfpa=07383463-032f-3f99-9d40-639cb57c6e28-1613711950; shshshfpb=u8S9UvxK66gfIbM1mUNrIOg%3D%3D; user-key=153f6b4d-0704-4e56-82b6-8646f3f0dad4; cn=0; shshshfp=9a88944b34cb0ff3631a0a95907b75eb; __jdc=122270672; 3AB9D23F7A4B3C9B=SEELVNXBPU7OAA3UX5JTKR5LQADM5YFJRKY23Z6HDBU4OT2NWYGX525CKFFVHTRDJ7Q5DJRMRZQIQJOW5GVBY43XVI; jwotest_product=99; __jda=122270672.16137119479101182770449.1613711948.1613738165.1613748918.4; JSESSIONID=C06EC8D2E9384D2628AE22B1A6F9F8FC.s1; shshshsID=ab2ca3143928b1b01f6c5b71a15fcebe_5_1613750374847; __jdb=122270672.5.16137119479101182770449|4.1613748918',
    'Referer': 'https://www.jd.com/'
}
 
num=0   # 商品数量
comments_num=0   # 评论数量
 
# 获取商品信息和SkuId
def getIndex(url):
    session=requests.Session()
    session.headers=headers
    global num
    res=session.get(url,headers=headers)
    print(res.status_code)
    res.encoding=res.apparent_encoding
    soup=BeautifulSoup(res.text,'lxml')
    items=soup.select('li.gl-item')
    for item in items[:2]:  # 爬取2个商品测试
        title=item.select_one('.p-name a em').text.strip().replace(' ','')
        price=item.select_one('.p-price strong').text.strip().replace('¥','')
        try:
            shop=item.select_one('.p-shopnum a').text.strip()   # 获取书籍时查找店铺的方法
        except:
            shop=item.select_one('.p-shop a').text.strip()  #   获取其他商品时查找店铺的方法
        link=parse.urljoin('https://',item.select_one('.p-img a').get('href'))
        SkuId=re.search('\d+',link).group()
        headers['Referer'] = f'https://item.jd.com/{SkuId}.html'
        headers['Connection'] = 'keep-alive'
        comments_num=getCommentsNum(SkuId,session)
        print(SkuId,title, price, shop, link, comments_num)
        print("开始将商品存入数据库...")
        try:
            IntoGoods(SkuId,title, price, shop, link, comments_num)
        except Exception as e:
            print(e)
            sess_db.rollback()
        num += 1
        print("正在获取评论...")
        # 获取评论总页数
        url1 = f'https://club.jd.com/comment/productPageComments.action?productId={SkuId}&score=0&sortType=5&page=0&pageSize=10'
        res2 = session.get(url1,headers=headers)
        res2.encoding = res2.apparent_encoding
        json_data = json.loads(res2.text)
        max_page = json_data['maxPage']  # 经测试最多可获取100页评论,每页10条
        print("{}评论共{}页".format(SkuId,max_page))
        if max_page==0:
            IntoComments(SkuId,'0')
        else:
            for i in range(0, max_page):
                # 使用此链接获取评论得到的为json格式
                url2 = f'https://club.jd.com/comment/productPageComments.action?productId={SkuId}&score=0&sortType=5&page={i}&pageSize=10'
                # 使用此链接获取评论得到的非json格式,需要提取
                # url2_2=f'https://club.jd.com/comment/productPageComments.action?callback=jQuery9287224&productId={SkuId}&score=0&sortType=5&page={i}&pageSize=10'
                print("开始获取第{}页评论:{}".format(i+1,url2) )
                getComments(session,SkuId,url2)
                time.sleep(1)
 
# 获取评论总数量
def getCommentsNum(SkuId,sess):
    url=f'https://club.jd.com/comment/productCommentSummaries.action?referenceIds={SkuId}'
    res=sess.get(url)
    try:
        res.encoding=res.apparent_encoding
        json_data=json.loads(res.text)  # json格式转为字典
        num=json_data['CommentsCount'][0]['CommentCount']
        return num
    except:
        return 'Error'
 
# 获取评论
def getComments(sess,SkuId,url2):
    global comments_num
    res2 = sess.get(url2)
    res2.encoding=res2.apparent_encoding
    json_data=res2.text
    '''
    # 如果用url2_2需要进行如下操作提取json
    start = res2.text.find('jQuery9287224(') + len('jQuery9287224(')
    end = res2.text.find(');')
    json_data=res2.text[start:end]
    '''
    dict_data = json.loads(json_data)
    comments=dict_data['comments']
    for item in comments:
        comment=item['content'].replace('\n','')
        # print(comment)
        comments_num+=1
        try:
            IntoComments(SkuId,comment)
        except Exception as e:
            print(e)
            sess_db.rollback()
 
# 商品信息入库
def IntoGoods(SkuId,title, price, shop, link, comments_num):
    goods_data=Goods(
        sku_id=SkuId,
        name=title,
        price=price,
        comments_num=comments_num,
        shop=shop,
        link=link
    )
    sess_db.add(goods_data)
    sess_db.commit()
 
# 评论入库
def IntoComments(SkuId,comment):
    comments_data=Comments(
        sku_id=SkuId,
        comments=comment
    )
    sess_db.add(comments_data)
    sess_db.commit()
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    start_time=time.time()
    urls=[]
    KEYWORD=parse.quote(input("请输入要查询的关键词:"))
    for i in range(1,2):    # 爬取一页进行测试
        url=f'https://search.jd.com/Search?keyword={KEYWORD}&wq={KEYWORD}&page={i}'
        urls.append(([url,],None))  # threadpool要求必须这样写
    pool=threadpool.ThreadPool(2)  # 2个线程的线程池
    reque=threadpool.makeRequests(getIndex,urls)    # 创建任务
    for r in reque:
        pool.putRequest(r)  # 向线程池提交任务
    pool.wait() # 等待所有任务执行完毕
    print("共获取{}件商品,获得{}条评论,耗时{}".format(num,comments_num,time.time()-start_time))
Copy after login

Third edition:

. . . . No, a blank page appears again

# 不能爬太快!!!不然获取不到评论
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import requests
from urllib import parse
import csv,json,re
import threadpool
import time
from jd_mysqldb import Goods,Comments,sess_db
 
headers={
    'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/86.0.4240.198 Safari/537.36',
    'Cookie': '__jdv=76161171|baidu|-|organic|%25E4%25BA%25AC%25E4%25B8%259C|1613711947911; __jdu=16137119479101182770449; areaId=7; ipLoc-djd=7-458-466-0; PCSYCityID=CN_410000_0_0; shshshfpa=07383463-032f-3f99-9d40-639cb57c6e28-1613711950; shshshfpb=u8S9UvxK66gfIbM1mUNrIOg%3D%3D; user-key=153f6b4d-0704-4e56-82b6-8646f3f0dad4; cn=0; shshshfp=9a88944b34cb0ff3631a0a95907b75eb; __jdc=122270672; 3AB9D23F7A4B3C9B=SEELVNXBPU7OAA3UX5JTKR5LQADM5YFJRKY23Z6HDBU4OT2NWYGX525CKFFVHTRDJ7Q5DJRMRZQIQJOW5GVBY43XVI; jwotest_product=99; __jda=122270672.16137119479101182770449.1613711948.1613738165.1613748918.4; JSESSIONID=C06EC8D2E9384D2628AE22B1A6F9F8FC.s1; shshshsID=ab2ca3143928b1b01f6c5b71a15fcebe_5_1613750374847; __jdb=122270672.5.16137119479101182770449|4.1613748918',
    'Referer': 'https://www.jd.com/'
}
 
num=0   # 商品数量
comments_num=0   # 评论数量
 
# 获取商品信息和SkuId
def getIndex(url):
    global num
    skuids=[]
    session=requests.Session()
    session.headers=headers
    res=session.get(url,headers=headers)
    print(res.status_code)
    res.encoding=res.apparent_encoding
    soup=BeautifulSoup(res.text,'lxml')
    items=soup.select('li.gl-item')
    for item in items[:3]:  # 爬取3个商品测试
        title=item.select_one('.p-name a em').text.strip().replace(' ','')
        price=item.select_one('.p-price strong').text.strip().replace('¥','')
        try:
            shop=item.select_one('.p-shopnum a').text.strip()   # 获取书籍时查找店铺的方法
        except:
            shop=item.select_one('.p-shop a').text.strip()  #   获取其他商品时查找店铺的方法
        link=parse.urljoin('https://',item.select_one('.p-img a').get('href'))
        SkuId=re.search('\d+',link).group()
        skuids.append(([SkuId,session],None))
        headers['Referer'] = f'https://item.jd.com/{SkuId}.html'
        headers['Connection'] = 'keep-alive'
        comments_num=getCommentsNum(SkuId,session)  # 评论数量
        print(SkuId,title, price, shop, link, comments_num)
        print("开始将商品存入数据库...")
        try:
            IntoGoods(SkuId,title, price, shop, link, comments_num)
        except Exception as e:
            print(e)
            sess_db.rollback()
        num += 1
    print("开始获取评论并存入数据库...")
    pool2=threadpool.ThreadPool(3)   # 可同时获取3个商品的评论
    task=threadpool.makeRequests(getComments,skuids)
    for r in task:
        pool2.putRequest(r)
    pool2.wait()
 
# 获取评论
def getComments(SkuId,sess):
    # 获取评论总页数
    url1 = f'https://club.jd.com/comment/productPageComments.action?productId={SkuId}&score=0&sortType=5&page=0&pageSize=10'
    res2 = sess.get(url1, headers=headers)
    res2.encoding = res2.apparent_encoding
    json_data = json.loads(res2.text)
    max_page = json_data['maxPage']  # 经测试最多可获取100页评论,每页10条
    print("{}评论共{}页".format(SkuId, max_page))
    if max_page == 0:
        IntoComments(SkuId, '0')
    else:
        for i in range(0, max_page):
            # 使用此链接获取评论得到的为json格式
            url2 = f'https://club.jd.com/comment/productPageComments.action?productId={SkuId}&score=0&sortType=5&page={i}&pageSize=10'
            # 使用此链接获取评论得到的非json格式,需要提取
            # url2_2=f'https://club.jd.com/comment/productPageComments.action?callback=jQuery9287224&productId={SkuId}&score=0&sortType=5&page={i}&pageSize=10'
            print("开始获取第{}页评论:{}".format(i + 1, url2))
            getComments_one(sess, SkuId, url2)
            time.sleep(1)
 
# 获取评论总数量
def getCommentsNum(SkuId,sess):
    url=f'https://club.jd.com/comment/productCommentSummaries.action?referenceIds={SkuId}'
    res=sess.get(url)
    try:
        res.encoding=res.apparent_encoding
        json_data=json.loads(res.text)  # json格式转为字典
        num=json_data['CommentsCount'][0]['CommentCount']
        return num
    except:
        return 'Error'
 
# 获取单个评论
def getComments_one(sess,SkuId,url2):
    global comments_num
    res2 = sess.get(url2)
    res2.encoding=res2.apparent_encoding
    json_data=res2.text
    '''
    # 如果用url2_2需要进行如下操作提取json
    start = res2.text.find('jQuery9287224(') + len('jQuery9287224(')
    end = res2.text.find(');')
    json_data=res2.text[start:end]
    '''
    dict_data = json.loads(json_data)
    comments=dict_data['comments']
    for item in comments:
        comment=item['content'].replace('\n','')
        # print(comment)
        comments_num+=1
        try:
            IntoComments(SkuId,comment)
        except Exception as e:
            print(e)
            print("rollback!")
            sess_db.rollback()
 
# 商品信息入库
def IntoGoods(SkuId,title, price, shop, link, comments_num):
    goods_data=Goods(
        sku_id=SkuId,
        name=title,
        price=price,
        comments_num=comments_num,
        shop=shop,
        link=link
    )
    sess_db.add(goods_data)
    sess_db.commit()
 
# 评论入库
def IntoComments(SkuId,comment):
    comments_data=Comments(
        sku_id=SkuId,
        comments=comment
    )
    sess_db.add(comments_data)
    sess_db.commit()
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    start_time=time.time()
    urls=[]
    KEYWORD=parse.quote(input("请输入要查询的关键词:"))
    for i in range(1,2):    # 爬取一页进行测试
        url=f'https://search.jd.com/Search?keyword={KEYWORD}&wq={KEYWORD}&page={i}'
        urls.append(([url,],None))  # threadpool要求必须这样写
    pool=threadpool.ThreadPool(2)  # 2个线程的线程池
    reque=threadpool.makeRequests(getIndex,urls)    # 创建任务
    for r in reque:
        pool.putRequest(r)  # 向线程池提交任务
    pool.wait() # 等待所有任务执行完毕
    print("共获取{}件商品,获得{}条评论,耗时{}".format(num,comments_num,time.time()-start_time))
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