laravel can't understand the framework source code
Laravel is a popular PHP framework, but for many beginners, reading the framework source code is very difficult. This article will try to explain the code structure and key parts of Laravel to help readers better understand this framework.
Laravel's code structure
Laravel's code structure is very clear. The entire framework is decomposed into multiple independent modules, each module has its specific responsibilities and functions. This structure makes Laravel easier to maintain and develop. Here's an explanation of Laravel's main directories and files:
- app
This directory contains the core code for the Laravel application. Its core building blocks are controllers, views, models, and routes. - bootstrap
This directory contains the code that is executed when the Laravel application starts. If you know the PHP framework, then this directory will be familiar to you, such as automatically loading classes, loading configuration files, etc. - config
This directory contains the application configuration files. - database
This directory contains database migration and data filling files. - public
This directory contains the public access point of the application. The entry point to the application is the index.php file. - resources
This directory contains some assets for a specific application (such as configuration files, views, language files, JavaScript files, and CSS files). - routes
This directory contains the application's routing files, that is, the mapping of urls to controllers. - storage
This directory contains some files generated by Laravel, such as log files, caches generated by the framework, files generated by the framework, such as route caches and views generated by the framework. - tests
This directory contains the test folder for testing the application. - vendor
This directory contains the code for dependent packages. The Laravel framework relies on some self-developed packages and other packages.
Part of Laravel’s key code
In Laravel’s code structure, we focus on the code in the app folder.
Controllers
Controllers are the main part of Laravel and are used to respond to HTTP requests in your application. You will see all controller classes in the app/Http/Controllers folder. The following is a sample controller:
<?php
namespace AppHttpControllers;
use IlluminateHttpRequest;
use AppUser;
use AppHttpControllersController;
class UserController extends Controller
{
/**
* 显示指定用户的个人资料
*
* @param int $id
* @return Response
*/
public function show($id)
{
return view('user.profile', ['user' => User::findOrFail($id)]);
}
}In the controller, we can define different methods to solve different situations. For example, the $id parameter can be passed show() method to handle, this method will return the ID of the view and user.
Model
Model is a method of dealing with databases in Laravel. It is a PHP class associated with a database table. In the app folder, the app/Models folder stores various models, such as the following example User model:
<?php
namespace AppModels;
use IlluminateDatabaseEloquentModel;
class User extends Model
{
/**
* 模型的默认属性值。
*
* @var array
*/
protected $attributes = [
'can_send_email' => false,
];
}In the model, we can Define different attributes and methods to implement operations on database tables. For example, the $attributes attribute can set the default attribute value of the model. You can obtain a User model as follows:
$user = AppModelsUser::find($id);
View
A view is a method used to present data and information in a way that is readable by the user. All view files can be seen in the resources/views folder. Views typically contain HTML, CSS, and JavaScript code.
The following is a simple Blade template example:
<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Laravel</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
@yield('content')
</div>
</body>
</html>In this example template, we can define a title and a container to nest the page content, and pass @yield(' content') to insert content.
Routing
Routing is used to match the URL with the code in the application. The corresponding routing file in Laravel can be found in routes/web.php. Here is an example route:
<?php
use IlluminateSupportFacadesRoute;
use AppHttpControllersUserController;
Route::get('/user/{id}', [UserController::class, 'show']);In this example route, we create a URL pattern for user requests and all requests will be processed in the UserController::show() method.
Summary
Laravel’s code structure and core parts are mainly concentrated in the app folder. Controllers, models, views, and routes are the four very important parts of Laravel. As long as you learn how these parts are implemented in the code, you can better understand the operation of Laravel. Of course, Laravel developers are constantly adding new features to these parts, so the process of learning Laravel is also ongoing.
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