The relationship and optimization methods between coroutine scheduling and gc of Golang functions

Golang is an efficient and rapidly developed programming language. Its coroutine scheduling and garbage collection (gc) mechanism are one of its advantages. This article will introduce in detail the related content of coroutine scheduling and GC in Golang function implementation from two aspects: the relationship between coroutine scheduling and gc and optimization methods.

1. The relationship between Golang coroutine scheduling and GC

Golang coroutine is a lightweight thread implementation built into the language, which can realize concurrent programming and utilize code execution time more efficiently. The reason why Golang coroutines are called "lightweight threads" is because their scheduling mechanism is different from threads. It can switch different coroutines in the same thread through the scheduler method, avoiding the context switching of multi-thread switching. overhead. Coroutine scheduling is one of the core features of the Golang language, so the optimization of coroutine scheduling is also very important.

Coroutine scheduling in Golang is completed by the scheduler. Its working principle is to separate each coroutine from the application logic and manage it uniformly through the scheduler. The scheduler will allocate some execution context to a single operating system thread of the current program and schedule the execution of each coroutine according to a certain scheduling strategy. In Golang, coroutine switching does not require user intervention, everything is done by the runtime system (RTS).

Golang’s gc mechanism is another major advantage of it. gc can automatically detect and clean up objects that are no longer used, thereby reducing the difficulty of code development and maintenance. GC is implemented through a mark-and-clear algorithm. When an object is no longer used by any reference, it will be recycled. The triggering timing of gc is controlled by the runtime system, so we cannot accurately control the execution time and frequency of gc. Since gc has a large overhead, we need to reduce the number of gc triggers as much as possible to reduce the decrease in execution efficiency.

2. Golang coroutine scheduling and GC optimization methods

1. Try to avoid coroutine blocking

Since Golang uses a coroutine scheduling mechanism Instead of a thread pool, the blocking of the coroutine will affect the execution efficiency of the entire program. Therefore, trying to avoid coroutine blocking is a very important optimization method in Golang coroutine programming.

2. Avoid excessive creation and destruction of coroutines

The creation and destruction of coroutines requires overhead. Creating too many coroutines in a program will cause Decrease in program performance. Therefore, the creation and destruction of coroutines need to be reasonably controlled to keep their number within a reasonable range.

3. Controlling concurrency through chan and select

In Golang, chan and select are very powerful concurrency control tools. By using chan and select, scheduling between coroutines can be made more efficient, thereby improving the performance of the entire program.

4. Reduce memory allocation and release

Since Golang uses the gc mechanism, memory allocation and release have a greater impact on program performance. When writing code, you need to minimize the number of memory allocations and releases, thereby reducing the number of gc triggers and improving program execution efficiency.

5. Use sync.Pool to cache objects

sync.Pool is a very important method of caching objects in Golang. By using sync.Pool, memory allocation and release can be avoided, thereby improving program performance.

Summary:

Golang coroutine scheduling and gc mechanism are one of the advantages of the Golang language, but we also need to pay attention to coroutine blocking issues and gc optimization. In order to improve the execution efficiency of the program, it is necessary to minimize memory allocation and release, avoid excessive coroutine creation and destruction, use chan and select to control concurrency, and cache objects through sync.Pool and other methods. In real projects, different optimization methods need to be adopted according to specific situations to achieve the best execution efficiency and performance improvement.

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