php设计模式之单例模式实例分析_PHP
本文实例讲述了php设计模式之单例模式。分享给大家供大家参考。具体分析如下:
单例模式(职责模式):
简单的说,一个对象(在学习设计模式之前,需要比较了解面向对象思想)只负责一个特定的任务;
单例类:
1、构造函数需要标记为private(访问控制:防止外部代码使用new操作符创建对象),单例类不能在其他类中实例化,只能被其自身实例化;
2、拥有一个保存类的实例的静态成员变量
3、拥有一个访问这个实例的公共的静态方法(常用getInstance()方法进行实例化单例类,通过instanceof操作符可以检测到类是否已经被实例化)
另外,需要创建__clone()方法防止对象被复制(克隆)
为什么要使用PHP单例模式?
1、php的应用主要在于数据库应用, 所以一个应用中会存在大量的数据库操作, 使用单例模式, 则可以避免大量的new 操作消耗的资源。
2、如果系统中需要有一个类来全局控制某些配置信息, 那么使用单例模式可以很方便的实现. 这个可以参看ZF的FrontController部分。
3、在一次页面请求中, 便于进行调试, 因为所有的代码(例如数据库操作类db)都集中在一个类中, 我们可以在类中设置钩子, 输出日志,从而避免到处var_dump, echo。
代码实现:
<?php /1** * 设计模式之单例模式 * $_instance必须声明为静态的私有变量 * 构造函数和析构函数必须声明为私有,防止外部程序new * 类从而失去单例模式的意义 * getInstance()方法必须设置为公有的,必须调用此方法 * 以返回实例的一个引用 * ::操作符只能访问静态变量和静态函数 * new对象都会消耗内存 * 使用场景:最常用的地方是数据库连接。 * 使用单例模式生成一个对象后, * 该对象可以被其它众多对象所使用。 */ class Danli { //保存类实例的静态成员变量 private static $_instance; //private标记的构造方法 private function __construct(){ echo 'This is a Constructed method;'; } //创建__clone方法防止对象被复制克隆 public function __clone(){ trigger_error('Clone is not allow!',E_USER_ERROR); } //单例方法,用于访问实例的公共的静态方法 public static function getInstance(){ if(!(self::$_instance instanceof self)){ self::$_instance = new self; } return self::$_instance; } public function test(){ echo '调用方法成功'; } } //用new实例化private标记构造函数的类会报错 //$danli = new Danli(); //正确方法,用双冒号::操作符访问静态方法获取实例 $danli = Danli::getInstance(); $danli->test(); //复制(克隆)对象将导致一个E_USER_ERROR $danli_clone = clone $danli;
希望本文所述对大家的php程序设计有所帮助。

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