golang numerical type conversion

With the popularity of Golang, more and more developers are beginning to learn and use the Golang programming language. Numeric type conversion is a common problem in Golang. This article will discuss how to convert numeric types in Golang.

Part One: Numeric Types in Golang

In Golang, there are different types of numeric types, as follows:

• int
• int8
• int16
• int32
• int64
• uint
• uint8
• uint16
• uint32
• uint64
• float32
• float64
• complex64
• complex128

Besides int and uint Except, all types have a specified number of bits. For example, int8 represents an 8-bit integer and int16 represents a 16-bit integer. These types have different scopes, so care needs to be taken to maintain the correct scope when doing conversions, otherwise overflows or undefined behavior may result.

Part 2: Numeric type conversion

In Golang, numerical type conversion can be performed by using type conversion operators. The type conversion operator is represented as T(x), where T is the type to be converted to and x is the value to be converted. For example, to convert a variable of type float64 to a variable of type int, you can use the following code:

f := 3.14159
i := int(f)

Numeric type conversion in Golang can be divided into two types:

1. Loss conversion

Loss conversion refers to converting a larger numerical type to a smaller numerical type. This conversion may result in loss of precision, truncation, and overflow. For example, when converting a variable of type int to a variable of type int8, if the original value exceeds the range of int8, overflow will occur.

The following is an example:

i := 1000
i8 := int8(i) // 结果为-24

In this example, the variable i of type int is converted to the variable i8 of type int8. Since the range of int8 is only -128 to 127, the value of i exceeds the range of int8, causing overflow. So the value for i8 is -24 instead of the original 1000.

2. Lossless conversion

Lossless conversion refers to converting a smaller numerical type to a larger numerical type. This conversion does not result in loss of precision or truncation. For example, when converting a variable of type uint8 to a variable of type uint16, no loss of precision or truncation occurs.

The following is an example:

u8 := uint8(255)
u16 := uint16(u8) // 结果为255

In this example, the uint8 type variable u8 is converted into a uint16 type variable u16. Since uint16 has a larger range than uint8, the conversion is lossless and no precision is lost.

Part 3: Precautions for numeric type conversion

Although numeric type conversion in Golang is very simple, there are some things you need to pay attention to when performing conversion.

1. Overflow may occur

Overflow may occur by converting a larger numeric type to a smaller numeric type. For example, when converting a variable of type int to a variable of type int8, if the original value exceeds the range of int8, overflow will occur.

2. Possible loss of precision

Possible loss of precision by converting a larger floating point number to a smaller floating point number. For example, when converting a variable of type float64 to a variable of type float32, precision may be lost.

3. The same numerical type also requires explicit conversion

Although the number of digits in the two numerical types is the same, explicit conversion is still required in Golang. For example, when converting a variable of type int to a variable of type int32, you need to use an explicit conversion operator.

4. Different numerical types cannot be compared directly

Different numerical types cannot be compared directly, so before comparing two numerical variables, they need to be converted to the same type.

Conclusion

In Golang, numerical type conversion is a common operation. You can convert between different numeric types by using type conversion operators. When performing numeric type conversions, be aware that lossy conversions may result in precision loss, truncation, and overflow. Furthermore, numeric variables of different types cannot be compared directly, so they need to be converted to the same type.

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