How to use Websockets in Go for real-time communication?
Websockets is a technology that establishes two-way communication between a web browser and a server, allowing web applications to push data to the client in real time. For example, Websockets can be used to implement an online chat room, displaying real-time chat content directly in the Web application without refreshing the page.
In this article, we will introduce how to use Websockets in Go language for real-time communication. We will use the Gorilla Websockets library to achieve this. This library provides some very convenient utility functions and sample code.
1. Install Gorilla Websockets
Before we begin, we need to install Gorilla Websockets. You can install it through the following command:
go get github.com/gorilla/websocket
2. Establish a Websockets connection
Next, we can start writing code to establish a Websockets connection. We need to define an HTTP handler function to handle Websockets connections. The following is a simple sample code:
package main
import (
"log"
"net/http"
"github.com/gorilla/websocket"
)
var upgrader = websocket.Upgrader{
ReadBufferSize: 1024,
WriteBufferSize: 1024,
}
func handleWebsocket(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
conn, err := upgrader.Upgrade(w, r, nil)
if err != nil {
log.Println(err)
return
}
defer conn.Close()
for {
messageType, p, err := conn.ReadMessage()
if err != nil {
log.Println(err)
return
}
log.Printf("received: %s", p)
err = conn.WriteMessage(messageType, p)
if err != nil {
log.Println(err)
return
}
}
}
func main() {
http.HandleFunc("/ws", handleWebsocket)
log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil))
}In this sample code, we define a handleWebsocket function to handle Websockets connections. This function uses Upgrader to upgrade the HTTP handler to the Websockets handler. Upgrader is a structure that defines some parameters, such as ReadBufferSize and WriteBufferSize, which are used to set the size of the connection read and write buffer.
In the function, we read the message from the connection, print the message in the terminal, and send it back to the client. If an error occurs during reading or writing, the connection is interrupted. In the main function, we register the handleWebsocket function into the HTTP processor and start the HTTP server.
3. Use Websockets for real-time communication
Now, we have written a simple Websockets processor that we can use for real-time communication. Next, let's write a simple web application so that we can test our Websockets connection.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Websockets Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<input id="message-input" type="text" placeholder="Type a message...">
<button id="send-button">Send</button>
<ul id="message-list"></ul>
<script>
const socket = new WebSocket('ws://localhost:8080/ws');
socket.addEventListener('message', event => {
const li = document.createElement('li');
li.textContent = event.data;
document.querySelector('#message-list').appendChild(li);
});
document.querySelector('#send-button').addEventListener('click', () => {
const input = document.querySelector('#message-input');
const value = input.value.trim();
if (value) {
socket.send(value);
input.value = '';
}
});
</script>
</body>
</html>In this sample web application, we create a page that contains a text input box, a send button, and a message list. When the user enters a message in the text box and clicks the send button, we send it to the server using a Websockets connection. The server then sends the message back and displays it in the list. Whenever we receive a new message, we create a new list item and add it to the list.
4. Conclusion
In this article, we have introduced how to use Websockets in Go for real-time communication. We used the Gorilla Websockets library to establish a Websockets connection and wrote a simple web application to test our connection. Websockets are a powerful technology that can be used to implement many real-time applications, such as online chat rooms, real-time data monitoring and dashboards, etc. Hope this article is helpful to you.
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