Linux非常有用的命令
Ruby
《判断用户是否存在,如不存在则新建》
user=`grep '^admin:' /etc/passwd`
if [ -z "$user" ];then
groupadd admin
useradd -d /home/admin -s /bin/bash -g admin admin
echo '123456' | passwd --stdin admin
echo '123456' | passwd --stdin root
fi
《增加文件系统空间》
umount /home
e2fsck -f /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_home
resize2fs -p /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_home 10G
mount /home
lvreduce -L 10G /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_home
vgdisplay
lvextend -L +210.5G /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root
resize2fs -p /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root
《VI常用命令》
:50,70 s/^/# 注释50至70行
:0,$d 删除所有内容
:%s/r//g 删除DOS方式的回车^M
:%s/^(.*)n1/1$/ 删除重复行
:
《查看当前目录下文件大小,从大到小排列》
du -sh * | sort -nr | head
《多IP,网关配置》
/sbin/ifconfig eth0:1 192.168.13.122 netmask 255.255.255.0 up
/sbin/route del default gw 192.168.12.1
/sbin/route add default gw 192.168.12.1
《同步时间》
/usr/sbin/ntpdate 192.168.12.1;/sbin/hwclock -w
《取消You have mail in /var/spool/mail/root提示》
echo "unset MAILCHECK" >> /etc/profile
《无密码登录》
ssh-keygen 创建公钥和密钥。
ssh-copy-id 把本地主机的公钥复制(追加)到远程主机的authorized_keys文件上。
ssh-copy-id 也会给远程主机的用户主目录(home)和~/.ssh, 和~/.ssh/authorized_keys设置合适的权限
需确保/etc/ssh/sshd_config中的配置为:AuthorizedKeysFile .ssh/authorized_keys
步骤1: 用 ssh-key-gen 在本地主机上创建公钥和密钥
ligh@local-host$ ssh-keygen -t rsa
步骤2: 用 ssh-copy-id 把公钥复制到远程主机上
ligh@local-host$ ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@192.168.0.3
[注: ssh-copy-id 把密钥追加到远程主机的 .ssh/authorized_key 上.]
步骤3: 直接登录远程主机
ligh@local-host$ ssh root@192.168.0.3
《测试磁盘IO》
读性能测试
# time dd iflag=direct,nonblock if=/dev/sda2 of=/dev/null bs=8k count=8388608
因为/dev/sda2是一个物理分区,对它的读取会产生IO,/dev/null是伪设备,相当于黑洞,of到该设备不会产生IO,所以,这个命令的IO只发生在/dev/sdb1上,也相当于测试磁盘的读能力。
写测试
# time dd oflag=direct,nonblock if=/dev/zero f=/opt/iotest bs=8k count=8388608
因为/dev/zero是一个伪设备,它只产生空字符流,对它不会产生IO,所以,IO都会集中在of文件中,of文件只用于写,所以这个命令相当于测试磁盘的写能力。
读写测试
# time dd iflag=direct,nonblock oflag=direct,nonblock if=/dev/sda2 f=/opt/iotest bs=8k count=8388608
《mysql安装》
创建mysql的安装目录及数据库存放目录
[root@ rhel5~]#mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql //安装mysql
[root@ rhel5~]#mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql/data //存放数据库
创建mysql用户及用户组
[root@ rhel5~]groupadd mysql
[root@ rhel5~]useradd -r -g mysql mysql
安装mysql
#tar -zxv -f mysql-5.5.10.tar.gz
#cd mysql-5.5.10
#cmake .
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci
-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1
#make
#make install
《安装配置JDK》
tar zxvf jdk1.6.0_25.tar.gz -C /export/servers/
vi /etc/profile
添加如下:
export JAVA_HOME=/export/servers/jdk1.6.0_25
export JAVA_BIN=/export/servers/jdk1.6.0_25/bin
export PATH=/$PATH:/$JAVA_HOME/bin
export CLASSPATH=.:/$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:/$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
export JAVA_OPTS="-Djava.library.path=/usr/local/lib -server -Xms1024m -Xmx2048m -XX:MaxPermSize=256m -Djava.awt.headless=true -Dsun.net.client.defaultReadTimeout=60000 -Djmagick.systemclassloader=no -Dnetworkaddress.cache.ttl=300 -Dsun.net.inetaddr.ttl=300"
export JAVA_HOME JAVA_BIN PATH CLASSPATH JAVA_OPTS
《杀所有进程》
ps -ef | grep $1 |grep -v grep |awk '{print $2}'|xargs kill -9
《卸载openjdk》
先查看
rpm -qa | grep java
卸载:
rpm -e --nodeps java-1.6.0-openjdk-devel-1.6.0.0-1.45.1.11.1.el6.x86_64
rpm -e --nodeps java-1.5.0-gcj-1.5.0.0-29.1.el6.x86_64
rpm -e --nodeps java-1.6.0-openjdk-1.6.0.0-1.45.1.11.1.el6.x86_64
强制卸裁:
rpm -qa | grep 软件名| while read line; do rpm -e --allmatches --nodeps $line; done
软链接:
ln -s /export/servers/jdk1.6.0_25/bin/jar /usr/bin/jar
ln -s /export/servers/jdk1.6.0_25/bin/javac /usr/bin/javac
source /etc/profile
查看:
java -version

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