How to write javascript gui

With the rapid development of Web applications, JavaScript has become one of the preferred languages ​​for writing interactive GUIs. In this article, I will show you how to write a GUI (Graphical User Interface) using JavaScript.

1. Basic knowledge of GUI

Graphical user interface is a type of interface that allows users to interact with the computer using graphical elements (such as icons, buttons, text boxes, etc.) instead of the command line Interface for interaction. There are three main components of a GUI:

• Window: The area used to display GUI elements.
• Controls: GUI elements in the window, such as buttons, text boxes, drop-down lists, etc.
• Event handler: used to respond to events when the user interacts with the control, such as clicking a button, changing the content of the text box, etc.

2. JavaScript GUI Development Tools

Before you start writing JavaScript GUI code, you need to install an integrated development environment (IDE). The following are some commonly used JavaScript GUI development tools:

• Visual Studio Code: Visual Studio Code is a free code editor and supports multiple programming languages ​​such as JavaScript.
• WebStorm: WebStorm is a JavaScript development environment developed by JetBrains, which can greatly improve the efficiency of code writing.
• Atom: Atom is a customizable free code editor and one of the popular tools for JavaScript development.

3. HTML-based GUI

As you know, HTML itself is a markup language used to create web pages. Therefore, HTML-based GUIs can be easily created using HTML. Here are a few examples:

• Use HTML form elements to create GUI elements such as input boxes, text boxes, radio boxes, and check boxes.

<form>
  <input type="text" id="username" name="username" placeholder="Username">
  <br><br>
  <input type="password" id="password" name="password" placeholder="Password">
  <br><br>
  <label for="gender">Gender:</label>
  <input type="radio" id="male" name="gender" value="male">
  <label for="male">Male</label>
  <input type="radio" id="female" name="gender" value="female">
  <label for="female">Female</label>
  <br><br>
  <label for="colors">Favorite colors:</label>
  <br>
  <input type="checkbox" id="red" name="colors" value="red">
  <label for="red">Red</label>
  <br>
  <input type="checkbox" id="blue" name="colors" value="blue">
  <label for="blue">Blue</label>
  <br>
  <input type="checkbox" id="green" name="colors" value="green">
  <label for="green">Green</label>
  <br><br>
  <input type="submit" value="Submit">
</form>

• Use HTML to create ​​​​​Build a button with an event handler.

<button onclick="alert('Hello!')">Click me</button>

• Create drop-down menus using HTML.

<label for="cars">Choose a car:</label>
<select id="cars" name="cars">
  <option value="volvo">Volvo</option>
  <option value="saab">Saab</option>
  <option value="audi">Audi</option>
</select>

4. Use JavaScript to operate HTML elements

After completing the design of the HTML GUI, we need to use JavaScript to operate HTML elements. These elements can be forms, buttons, drop-down lists, images, etc. In JavaScript, we can find HTML elements through the document object and then operate on these elements.

Here is an example that shows how to use JavaScript to find HTML elements and change the content of text fields:

// 在页面加载完成后更新文本内容
window.onload = function() {
  // 通过 ID 查找元素
  var element = document.getElementById("myText");

  // 更新文本
  element.innerHTML = "Hello, World!";
}

5. Development based on third-party GUI libraries

In addition to HTML-based GUI development, you can also use JavaScript third-party GUI libraries to create more advanced GUIs. The following are some commonly used JavaScript GUI libraries:

• React: React is a JavaScript library developed by Facebook for building user interfaces. It adopts a componentized model to make development easier.
• Angular: Angular is a comprehensive web application framework from Google, written in TypeScript. It provides many features such as componentization, form handling, routing, and more.
• jQuery UI: jQuery UI is a powerful and flexible JavaScript library that helps you create scalable, interactive web user interfaces. It provides various GUI components such as dialog boxes, calendars, progress bars, and more.

6. Summary

In this article, we discussed how to write a GUI using JavaScript. We first introduced the basics of GUI and introduced some commonly used JavaScript GUI development tools. Next, we showed how to create _GUI elements using HTML and manipulate them using JavaScript. Finally, we discuss some commonly used JavaScript GUI libraries so you can choose the right tool for building GUIs for you.

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