MySql查询优化limit 1避免全表扫描(转)
在某些情况下,如果明知道查询结果只有一个,SQL语句中使用LIMIT 1会提高查询效率。
例如下面的用户表(主键id,邮箱,密码):
create table t_user(
id int primary key auto_increment,
email varchar(255),
password varchar(255)
);
每个用户的email是唯一的,如果用户使用email作为用户名登陆的话,就需要查询出email对应的一条记录。
SELECT * FROM t_user WHERE email=?;
上面的语句实现了查询email对应的一条用户信息,但是由于email这一列 没有加索引 ,会导致 全表扫描 ,效率会很低。
SELECT * FROM t_user WHERE email=? LIMIT 1;
加上LIMIT 1, 只要找到了对应的一条记录,就不会继续向下扫描了 ,效率会大大提高。
LIMIT 1适用于查询结果为1条(也可能为0)会导致全表扫描的的SQL语句。
如果email是索引的话,就不需要加上LIMIT 1,如果是根据主键查询一条记录也不需要LIMIT 1,主键也是索引。
例如:
SELECT * FROM t_user WHERE id=?;
就不需要写成:
SELECT * FROM t_user WHERE id=? LIMIT 1;
二者效率没有区别。
附上我做的实验:
存储过程生成100万条数据:
BEGIN
DECLARE i INT;
START TRANSACTION;
SET i=0;
WHILE i
INSERT INTO t_user VALUES(NULL,CONCAT(i+1,'@xxg.com'),i+1);
SET i=i+1;
END WHILE;
COMMIT;
END
查询语句
SELECT * FROM t_user WHERE email='222@xxg.com'; 耗时0.56 s
SELECT * FROM t_user WHERE email='222@xxg.com' LIMIT 1; 耗时0.00 s
转自:http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-03/81974.htm

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