Modify oracle parameters
Oracle is a popular relational database management system that can be used to handle large databases and has high availability and scalability, making it suitable for enterprise-level applications. In Oracle, parameter settings have a great impact on the performance and reliability of the database. By adjusting parameters, you can improve the performance of your Oracle database and make it more suitable for your application's needs. This article will introduce how to modify Oracle parameters to improve database performance.
1. Understanding Oracle parameters
Oracle parameters are divided into two types: static parameters and dynamic parameters. Static parameters are set when the Oracle instance starts and do not change while the database is running. Static parameters can be set in the Oracle initialization file (for example, init.ora or spfile.ora). Dynamic parameters are parameters that can change while the database is running. Dynamic parameters can be changed using the ALTER SYSTEM statement.
Oracle parameter settings can affect the performance and reliability of the database. For example, if the buffer size parameter is set, it may cause the Oracle cache to access less disk, thus improving performance. In addition, if the database area parameter is set, the storage area of the database can be limited, thereby improving reliability.
2. Determine the parameters that need to be modified
Before modifying the Oracle parameters, you first need to determine the parameters that need to be modified. This can be done by following the steps:
- Check the performance indicators of the database: Use Oracle Performance Monitor or other performance analysis tools to check the performance indicators of the database, such as CPU utilization, memory usage, network bandwidth wait.
- Analyze log files: View Oracle's log files to determine whether there are performance issues or other anomalies.
- Identify bottlenecks: Determine bottlenecks in the database, such as network bottlenecks, CPU bottlenecks, disk bottlenecks, etc.
- Analyze the calling logic: Analyze the calling logic of the application to determine which queries or procedures occupy a large amount of system resources.
- View the Oracle parameter file: Check the parameter settings in the Oracle initialization file (init.ora or spfile.ora) to determine which parameters need to be modified.
3. Modify Oracle parameters
After determining the parameters that need to be modified, you can take the following steps to modify the Oracle parameters:
1. Back up the database: After modification Before setting Oracle parameters, the database should be backed up. This ensures that the database can be restored if a problem occurs while modifying parameters.
- Modify parameters: Determine the parameters that need to be modified according to the above steps, and modify them in the initialization file. You can use a text editor or use Oracle's management tools to modify it.
3. Restart the database: After modifying the parameters, you must restart the Oracle instance to make the new parameter settings take effect.
4. Retest performance: After modifying parameters, you should retest the performance of the database and check whether there is improvement.
4. Common Oracle parameters
The following are common Oracle parameters:
- SGA_MAX_SIZE: Specifies the maximum size of the system global area.
- SGA_TARGET: Specifies the initial size of the system global area.
- PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET: Specify the total usage of PGA.
- DB_CACHE_SIZE: Specifies the cache storage size.
- SHARED_POOL_SIZE: Specify the size of the shared pool.
- PROCESSES: Specify the maximum number of connections.
- SESSIONS: Specify the maximum number of sessions.
- LOG_BUFFER: Specify the size of the log buffer.
- LOG_CHECKPOINTS_TO_ALERT: Specifies whether log checkpoints are recorded in the warning log.
- DB_FILES: Specify the upper limit of the number of database files.
- DIAGNOSTICS_CONTROL: Control Oracle’s diagnostic information output.
- EVENT: Control the output level of various events.
5. Summary
By adjusting Oracle parameters, the performance and reliability of the database can be improved. Before modifying Oracle parameters, you should know which parameters need to be modified and back up the database. After modifying parameters, you should restart the database and test whether performance has improved. For more information about Oracle parameters, please refer to Oracle official documentation.
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