MySQL创建和删除数据表的命令及语法详解_MySQL
创建数据表
创建MySQL数据表需要以下信息：
- 表名
- 表字段名
- 定义每个表字段
语法
以下为创建MySQL数据表的SQL通用语法：
CREATE TABLE table_name (column_name column_type);
以下例子中我们将在 TUTORIALS 数据库中创建数据表tutorials_tbl：
tutorials_tbl( tutorial_id INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, tutorial_title VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL, tutorial_author VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL, submission_date DATE, PRIMARY KEY ( tutorial_id ) );
实例解析：
如果你不想字段为 NULL 可以设置字段的属性为 NOT NULL， 在操作数据库时如果输入该字段的数据为NULL ，就会报错。
AUTO_INCREMENT定义列为自增的属性，一般用于主键，数值会自动加1。
PRIMARY KEY关键字用于定义列为主键。 您可以使用多列来定义主键，列间以逗号分隔。
通过命令提示符创建表
通过 mysql> 命令窗口可以很简单的创建MySQL数据表。你可以使用 SQL 语句 CREATE TABLE 来创建数据表。
实例
以下为创建数据表 tutorials_tbl 实例:
root@host# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:*******
mysql> use TUTORIALS;
Database changed
mysql> CREATE TABLE tutorials_tbl( -> tutorial_id INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, -> tutorial_title VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL, -> tutorial_author VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL, -> submission_date DATE, -> PRIMARY KEY ( tutorial_id ) -> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.16 sec)
mysql>
注意：MySQL命令终止符为分号 (;) 。
使用PHP脚本创建数据表
你可以使用PHP的 mysql_query() 函数来创建已存在数据库的数据表。
该函数有两个参数，在执行成功时返回 TRUE，否则返回 FALSE。
语法
bool mysql_query( sql, connection );
实例
以下实例使用了PHP脚本来创建数据表：
<html>
<head>
<title>Creating MySQL Tables</title>
</head>
<body>
<?php
$dbhost = 'localhost:3036';
$dbuser = 'root';
$dbpass = 'rootpassword';
$conn = mysql_connect($dbhost, $dbuser, $dbpass);
if(! $conn )
{
die('Could not connect: ' . mysql_error());
}
echo 'Connected successfully<br />';
$sql = "CREATE TABLE tutorials_tbl( ".
"tutorial_id INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, ".
"tutorial_title VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL, ".
"tutorial_author VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL, ".
"submission_date DATE, ".
"PRIMARY KEY ( tutorial_id )); ";
mysql_select_db( 'TUTORIALS' );
$retval = mysql_query( $sql, $conn );
if(! $retval )
{
die('Could not create table: ' . mysql_error());
}
echo "Table created successfully\n";
mysql_close($conn);
?>
</body>
</html>
删除数据表
MySQL中删除数据表是非常容易操作的， 但是你再进行删除表操作时要非常小心，因为执行删除命令后所有数据都会消失。
语法
以下为删除MySQL数据表的通用语法：
DROP TABLE table_name ;
在命令提示窗口中删除数据表
在mysql>命令提示窗口中删除数据表SQL语句为 DROP TABLE ：
实例
以下实例删除了数据表tutorials_tbl:
root@host# mysql -u root -p Enter password:*******
mysql> use TUTORIALS; Database changed mysql> DROP TABLE tutorials_tbl Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.8 sec) mysql>
使用PHP脚本删除数据表
PHP使用 mysql_query 函数来删除 MySQL 数据表。
该函数有两个参数，在执行成功时返回 TRUE，否则返回 FALSE。
语法
bool mysql_query( sql, connection );
实例
以下实例使用了PHP脚本删除数据表tutorials_tbl:
<html>
<head>
<title>Creating MySQL Tables</title>
</head>
<body>
<?php
$dbhost = 'localhost:3036';
$dbuser = 'root';
$dbpass = 'rootpassword';
$conn = mysql_connect($dbhost, $dbuser, $dbpass);
if(! $conn )
{
die('Could not connect: ' . mysql_error());
}
echo 'Connected successfully<br />';
$sql = "DROP TABLE tutorials_tbl";
mysql_select_db( 'TUTORIALS' );
$retval = mysql_query( $sql, $conn );
if(! $retval )
{
die('Could not delete table: ' . mysql_error());
}
echo "Table deleted successfully\n";
mysql_close($conn);
?>
</body>
</html>
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