Table of Contents
方案一:使用JDBC API中提供的Statement接口的execute()方法
方案二:使用JSqlParser这个Java库
方案三:使用正则表达式检查SQL语句的格式是否正确
方案四:使用ANTLR等工具生成SQL语法解析器,然后使用生成的解析器解析SQL语句,以判断SQL语句的合法性
方案五:使用Apache Calcite等SQL解析器库来解析SQL语句
Home Java javaTutorial How to use Java to verify the validity of SQL statements?

How to use Java to verify the validity of SQL statements?

Apr 25, 2023 pm 08:04 PM
java sql

方案一:使用JDBC API中提供的Statement接口的execute()方法

要在Java中校验SQL语句的合法性,可以使用JDBC API中提供的Statement接口的execute()方法。这个方法会尝试执行给定的SQL语句,如果SQL语句不合法,则会抛出一个SQLException异常。因此,我们可以利用这个异常来判断SQL语句的合法性。

以下是一个简单的示例代码:

import java.sql.*;
 
public class SQLValidator {
 
    public static boolean validateSQL(String sql) {
        try {
            Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mydatabase", "username", "password");
            Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
            stmt.execute(sql);
            return true;
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            return false;
        }
    }
 
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String sql1 = "SELECT * FROM mytable WHERE id = 1";
        String sql2 = "SELECT * FROM mytable WHERE id = '1'";
        String sql3 = "SELECT * FROM mytable WHERE id = ;DROP TABLE mytable;";
 
        System.out.println(validateSQL(sql1)); // true
        System.out.println(validateSQL(sql2)); // false
        System.out.println(validateSQL(sql3)); // false
    }
}
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在这个示例代码中,validateSQL()方法接受一个SQL语句作为参数,然后尝试执行这个SQL语句。如果执行成功,返回true,否则返回false。在main()方法中,我们调用了validateSQL()方法来校验三个SQL语句的合法性,并打印了结果。

需要注意的是,这个方法只能判断SQL语句的语法是否合法,而无法判断SQL语句的语义是否合法。因此,如果应用程序允许用户输入SQL语句,一定要进行严格的输入校验和过滤,避免SQL注入攻击。

方案二:使用JSqlParser这个Java库

如果你不希望实际执行SQL语句,而只是想校验SQL语句的合法性,可以使用JSqlParser这个Java库。这个库可以将SQL语句解析成Java对象,然后你可以对这些Java对象进行检查,以判断SQL语句是否合法。

以下是一个简单的示例代码:

import net.sf.jsqlparser.JSQLParserException;
import net.sf.jsqlparser.parser.CCJSqlParserUtil;
import net.sf.jsqlparser.statement.Statement;
 
public class SQLValidator {
 
    public static boolean validateSQL(String sql) {
        try {
            Statement stmt = CCJSqlParserUtil.parse(sql);
            return true;
        } catch (JSQLParserException e) {
            return false;
        }
    }
 
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String sql1 = "SELECT * FROM mytable WHERE id = 1";
        String sql2 = "SELECT * FROM mytable WHERE id = '1'";
        String sql3 = "SELECT * FROM mytable WHERE id = ;DROP TABLE mytable;";
 
        System.out.println(validateSQL(sql1)); // true
        System.out.println(validateSQL(sql2)); // true
        System.out.println(validateSQL(sql3)); // false
    }
}
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在这个示例代码中,validateSQL()方法使用JSqlParser库将SQL语句解析成Java对象。如果解析成功,返回true,否则返回false。在main()方法中,我们调用了validateSQL()方法来校验三个SQL语句的合法性,并打印了结果。

需要注意的是,JSqlParser库只能检查SQL语句的语法是否合法,而无法检查SQL语句的语义是否合法。因此,同样需要进行严格的输入校验和过滤,避免SQL注入攻击。

方案三:使用正则表达式检查SQL语句的格式是否正确

使用正则表达式检查SQL语句的格式是否正确。例如,可以检查SQL语句是否以SELECT、UPDATE、DELETE、INSERT等关键字开头,是否包含必需的关键字和语法元素等。

import java.util.regex.Pattern;
 
public class SQLValidator {
    private static final String SELECT_PATTERN = "^\\s*SELECT.*";
    private static final String UPDATE_PATTERN = "^\\s*UPDATE.*";
    private static final String DELETE_PATTERN = "^\\s*DELETE.*";
    private static final String INSERT_PATTERN = "^\\s*INSERT.*";
 
    public static boolean validateSQL(String sql) {
        if (Pattern.matches(SELECT_PATTERN, sql)) {
            // 校验SELECT语句的合法性
            return true;
        } else if (Pattern.matches(UPDATE_PATTERN, sql)) {
            // 校验UPDATE语句的合法性
            return true;
        } else if (Pattern.matches(DELETE_PATTERN, sql)) {
            // 校验DELETE语句的合法性
            return true;
        } else if (Pattern.matches(INSERT_PATTERN, sql)) {
            // 校验INSERT语句的合法性
            return true;
        } else {
            // SQL语句格式不正确
            return false;
        }
    }
 
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String sql1 = "SELECT * FROM mytable WHERE id = 1";
        String sql2 = "SELECT * FROM mytable WHERE id = '1'";
        String sql3 = "SELECT * FROM mytable WHERE id = ;DROP TABLE mytable;";
 
        System.out.println(validateSQL(sql1)); // true
        System.out.println(validateSQL(sql2)); // true
        System.out.println(validateSQL(sql3)); // false
    }
}
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方案四:使用ANTLR等工具生成SQL语法解析器,然后使用生成的解析器解析SQL语句,以判断SQL语句的合法性

ANTLR是一种流行的解析器生成器,可以根据定义的语法规则生成解析器。

以下是一个简单的示例代码:

import org.antlr.v4.runtime.*;
import org.antlr.v4.runtime.tree.*;
 
public class SQLValidator {
    public static boolean validateSQL(String sql) {
        try {
            CharStream input = CharStreams.fromString(sql);
            SQLLexer lexer = new SQLLexer(input);
            CommonTokenStream tokens = new CommonTokenStream(lexer);
            SQLParser parser = new SQLParser(tokens);
            ParseTree tree = parser.statement();
            return true;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            return false;
        }
    }
 
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String sql1 = "SELECT * FROM mytable WHERE id = 1";
        String sql2 = "SELECT * FROM mytable WHERE id = '1'";
        String sql3 = "SELECT * FROM mytable WHERE id = ;DROP TABLE mytable;";
 
        System.out.println(validateSQL(sql1)); // true
        System.out.println(validateSQL(sql2)); // true
        System.out.println(validateSQL(sql3)); // false
    }
}
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在这个示例代码中,我们使用ANTLR生成了一个SQL语法解析器,并在validateSQL()方法中使用这个解析器来解析SQL语句。如果解析成功,则说明SQL语句格式正确,返回true,否则返回false。

方案五:使用Apache Calcite等SQL解析器库来解析SQL语句

Apache Calcite是一个强大的SQL解析器和优化器,它支持大多数SQL语法,并能够将SQL语句解析为抽象语法树(AST)。

以下是一个简单的示例代码:

import org.apache.calcite.sql.SqlNode;
import org.apache.calcite.sql.parser.SqlParseException;
import org.apache.calcite.sql.parser.SqlParser;
import org.apache.calcite.sql.parser.SqlParser.Config;
import org.apache.calcite.sql.parser.SqlParserImplFactory;
 
public class SQLValidator {
    public static boolean validateSQL(String sql) {
        try {
            Config config = SqlParser.config();
            SqlParserImplFactory factory = config.parserFactory();
            SqlParser parser = SqlParser.create(sql, config.withParserFactory(factory));
            SqlNode node = parser.parseStmt();
            return true;
        } catch (SqlParseException e) {
            return false;
        }
    }
 
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String sql1 = "SELECT * FROM mytable WHERE id = 1";
        String sql2 = "SELECT * FROM mytable WHERE id = '1'";
        String sql3 = "SELECT * FROM mytable WHERE id = ;DROP TABLE mytable;";
 
        System.out.println(validateSQL(sql1)); // true
        System.out.println(validateSQL(sql2)); // true
        System.out.println(validateSQL(sql3)); // false
    }
}
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在这个示例代码中,我们使用Apache Calcite库来解析SQL语句。validateSQL()方法首先创建一个SqlParser对象,并使用它来解析传入的SQL语句。如果解析成功,则返回true,否则返回false。

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