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十个PHP高级应用技巧果断收藏_PHP

May 29, 2016 am 11:48 AM
php advanced skills

PHP 独特的语法混合了 C、Java、Perl 以及 PHP 自创新的语法。它可以比 CGI或者Perl更快速的执行动态网页。用PHP做出的动态页面与其他的编程语言相比,PHP是将程序嵌入到HTML文档中去执行,执行效率比完全生成HTML标记的CGI要高许多。下面介绍了十个PHP高级应用技巧。

1, 使用ip2long() 和 long2ip() 函数来把 IP 地址转化成整型存储到数据库里。

这种方法把存储空间降到了接近四分之一(char(15) 的 15 个字节对整形的 4 个字节),计算一个特定的地址是不是在一个区段内页更简单了,而且加快了搜索和排序的速度(虽然有时仅仅是快了一点)。

2, 在验证 email 地址的时候使用 checkdnsrr() 函数验证域名是否存在。

这个内置函数能够确认指定的域名能够解析成 IP 地址。该函数的PHP 文档的用户评论部分有一个简单的用户自定义函数,这个函数基于 checkdnsrr(),用来验证 email 地址的合法性。对于那些认为自己的 email 地址是 [url=mailto:“joeuser@wwwphp.net]“joeuser@wwwphp.net[/url]” 而不是 [url=mailto:“joeuser@php.net]“joeuser@php.net[/url]” 的家伙们,这个方法可以很方便的抓住他们。

3, 如果你使用的是 PHP 5 和 MySQL 4.1 或者更高的版本,考虑抛弃 mysql_* 系列函数改用改进版的 mysqli_* 系列函数。

一个很好的功能就是你可以使用预处理语句,如果你在维护一个数据库密集型站点,这个功能能够加快查询速度。一些评估分数。

4, 学会爱上三元运算符。

5, 如果你在项目中感觉到有可复用的部分,在你写下一行代码前先看看 PEAR 中是否已经有了。

很多 PHP 程序员都知道 PEAR 是一个很好的资源库,虽然还有很多程序员不知道。这个在线资源库包含了超过 400 个可以复用的程序片段,这些程序片段你可以立即用刀你的程序里。除非说你的项目真的是非常特别的,你总能找到帮你节省时间的 PEAR 包。(参见 PECL)

6, 用 highlight_file() 来自动的打印出格式化的很漂亮的源代码。

如果你在留言板、IRC 这些地方寻求一个脚本的帮助的话,这个函数用起来非常的顺手。当然了,要小心不要意外的泄露出你的数据库连接信息和密码等。

7, 使用 error_reporting(0) 函数来防止用户看到潜在的敏感错误信息。

在理想情况下,发布服务器应该在 php.ini 里完全禁止。但是如果你用的是一个共享的 web 服务器的话,你没有自己的 php.ini 文件,那么这种情况下你最好的选择就是在所有脚本的第一行前加上 error_reporting(0);(或者使用 require_once() 方法)。这就能够在出错的时候完全屏蔽敏感的 SQL 查询语句和路径名。

8, 在网数据库中存储很大的字符串之前使用 gzcompress() 和 gzuncompress() 来显式的压缩/解压字符串。

这个 PHP 内置函数使用 gzip 算法,可以压缩普通文本达 90%。在我每次要读写 BLOB 类型的字段的时候都使用这些函数。唯一额例外就是当我需要全文检索的时候。

9, 通过“引用”传递参数的方法从一个函数中得到多个返回值。

就像三元运算符一样,大部分受过正式编程训练的程序员都知道这个技巧。但是那些 HTML 背景大于 Pascal 背景的程序员都或多或少的有过这样的疑问“在仅能使用一次 return 的情况下,从一个函数里返回多个值?”答案就是在变量前加上一个 “&” 符号,通过“引用”传递而非“值”传递。

10, 完全理解“魔术引号”和 SQL 注入的危险性。

我希望阅读到这里的开发者都已经很对 SQL 注入和了解了。不过我还是把这条列在这里,是因为这个确实有点难以理解。如果你还没有听说过这种说法,那么把今天剩下的时间都用来Google、阅读吧。

通过本文的分析,希望对你有帮助,牢记这十个PHP非常实用的高级应用技巧,必有收获。

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