PHP生成随机字符串(3种方法)_PHP
如用户注册生成随机密码,用户重置密码也需要生成一个随机的密码。随机密码也就是一串固定长度的字符串,文章整理了几种生成随机字符串的方法。
方法一
1、在33 – 126中生成一个随机整数,如35。
2、将35转换成对应的ASCII码字符,如35对应#。
3、重复以上1、2步骤n次,连接成n位的密码。
该算法主要用到了两个函数,mt_rand ( int $min , int $max )函数用于生成随机整数,其中 $min – $max 为 ASCII 码的范围,这里取 33 -126 ,可以根据需要调整范围,如ASCII码表中 97 – 122 位对应 a – z 的英文字母,具体可参考 ASCII码表; chr ( int $ascii )函数用于将对应整数 $ascii 转换成对应的字符。
function create_password($pw_length = { $randpwd = ”; for ($i = 0; $i < $pw_length; $i++) { $randpwd .= chr(mt_rand(33, 126)); } return $randpwd; } // 调用该函数,传递长度参数$pw_length = 6 echo create_password(6);
方法二
1、预置一个的字符串 $chars ,包括 a – z,A – Z,0 – 9,以及一些特殊字符。
2、在 $chars 字符串中随机取一个字符。
3、重复第二步n次,可得长度为n的密码。
function generate_password( $length = 8 ) { // 密码字符集,可任意添加你需要的字符 $chars = ‘abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789!@#$%^&*()-_ []{}<>~`+=,.;:/?|'; $password = ”; for ( $i = 0; $i < $length; $i++ ) { // 这里提供两种字符获取方式 // 第一种是使用 substr 截取$chars中的任意一位字符; // 第二种是取字符数组 $chars 的任意元素 // $password .= substr($chars, mt_rand(0, strlen($chars) – 1), 1); $password .= $chars[ mt_rand(0, strlen($chars) - 1) ]; } return $password; }
方法三
1、预置一个的字符数组 $chars ,包括 a – z,A – Z,0 – 9,以及一些特殊字符。
2、通过array_rand()从数组$chars中随机选出$length个元素。
3、根据已获取的键名数组 $keys,从数组$chars取出字符拼接字符串。该方法的缺点是相同的字符不会重复取。
function make_password( $length = 8 ) { // 密码字符集,可任意添加你需要的字符 $chars = array(‘a', ‘b', ‘c', ‘d', ‘e', ‘f', ‘g', ‘h', ‘i', ‘j', ‘k', ‘l','m', ‘n', ‘o', ‘p', ‘q', ‘r', 's', ‘t', ‘u', ‘v', ‘w', ‘x', ‘y','z', ‘A', ‘B', ‘C', ‘D', ‘E', ‘F', ‘G', ‘H', ‘I', ‘J', ‘K', ‘L','M', ‘N', ‘O', ‘P', ‘Q', ‘R', ‘S', ‘T', ‘U', ‘V', ‘W', ‘X', ‘Y','Z', ‘0′, ‘1′, ‘2′, ‘3′, ‘4′, ‘5′, ‘6′, ‘7′, ‘8′, ‘9′, ‘!', ‘@','#', ‘$', ‘%', ‘^', ‘&', ‘*', ‘(‘, ‘)', ‘-', ‘_', ‘[', ']‘, ‘{‘, ‘}', ‘<', ‘>', ‘~', ‘`', ‘+', ‘=', ‘,', ‘.', ‘;', ‘:', ‘/', ‘?', ‘|'); // 在 $chars 中随机取 $length 个数组元素键名 $keys = ($chars, $length); $password = ”; for($i = 0; $i < $length; $i++) { // 将 $length 个数组元素连接成字符串 $password .= $chars[$keys[$i]]; } return $password; }
时间效率对比
我们使用以下PHP代码,计算上面的3 个随机密码生成函数生成6 位密码的运行时间,进而对他们的时间效率进行一个简单的对比。最终得出的结果是:
方法一:9.8943710327148E-5 秒
方法二:9.6797943115234E-5 秒
方法三:0.00017499923706055 秒
可以看出方法一和方法二的执行时间都差不多,而方法三的运行时间稍微长了点。
通过比较三种方法的实现过程,时间效率对比,学习了PHP生成随机字符串的三种方法,希望可以对大家今后的学习有所帮助。

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