实例简介PHP的一些高级面相对象编程的特性_PHP
一般来说,学习PHP需要了解下面的一些特性:
对象克隆。PHP5中对OOP模型的主要改进之一,是将所有对象都看作引用,而不是值。但是,如果所有对象都视为引用,那么如何创建对象的副本呢?答案是通过克隆对象。
<?php class Corporate_Drone{ private $employeeid; private $tiecolor; function setEmployeeID($employeeid) { $this->employeeid = $employeeid; } function getEmployeeID() { return $this->employeeid; } function setTiecolor($tiecolor) { $this->tiecolor = $tiecolor; } function getTiecolor() { return $this->tiecolor; } } $drone1 = new Corporate_Drone(); $drone1->setEmployeeID("12345"); $drone1->setTiecolor("red"); $drone2 = clone $drone1; $drone2->setEmployeeID("67890"); printf("drone1 employeeID:%d <br />",$drone1->getEmployeeID()); printf("drone1 tie color:%s <br />",$drone1->getTiecolor()); printf("drone2 employeeID:%d <br />",$drone2->getEmployeeID()); printf("drone2 tie color:%s <br />",$drone2->getTiecolor()); ?>
继承。如前面所述,通过继承来构建类层次体系是OOP的关键概念。
class Employee { ... } class Executive extends Employee{ ... } class CEO extends Executive{ ... }
接口。接口是一些未实现的方法定义和常量的集合,相当于一种类蓝本。接口只定义了类能做什么,而不涉及实现的细节。本章介绍PHP5对接口的支持,并提供了一些展示这个强大OOP特性的例子。
<?php interface IPillage { // CONST 1; function emptyBankAccount(); function burnDocuments(); } class Employee { } class Excutive extends Employee implements IPillage { private $totalStockOptions; function emptyBankAccount() { echo "Call CFO and ask to transfer funds to Swiss bank account"; } function burnDocuments() { echo "Torch the office suite."; } } class test { function testIP(IPillage $ib) { echo $ib->emptyBankAccount(); } } $excutive = new Excutive(); $test = new test(); echo $test->testIP($excutive); ?>
抽象类。抽象类实质上就是无法实例化的类。抽象类将由可实例化的类继承,后者称为具体类(concreate class)。抽象类可以完全实现、部分实现或者根本未实现。
abstract class Class_name { //insert attribute definitions here //insert method definitions here }
命名空间。命名空间可根据上下文划分各种库和类,帮肋你更为有效地管理代码库。
<?php namespace Library; class Clean { function printClean() { echo "Clean..."; } } ?> <?php include "test.php"; $clean = new \Library\Clean(); $clean->printClean(); ?>
如果你使用过其他面向对象语言,可能会感到奇怪,为什么上述特性没有包括其他语言中熟悉的一些OOP特性?原因很简单,PHP不支持这些特性。为了让你不再感到迷惑,下面列出PHP不支持的高级OOP特性。
- 方法重载。PHP不支持通过函数重载实现多态,根据Zend网站的讨论,可能永远都不会支持。要了解具体原因,可以查看http://www.zend.com/php/ask_experts.php
- 操作符重载。目前不支持根据所修改数据的类型为操作符赋予新的含义。根据zend网站的讨论,将来实现这个特性的可能性也不大。
- 多重继承。PHP不支持多重继承。但是支持实现多个接口。

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