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实例简介PHP的一些高级面相对象编程的特性_PHP

May 29, 2016 am 11:47 AM
oop php

一般来说,学习PHP需要了解下面的一些特性:

对象克隆。PHP5中对OOP模型的主要改进之一,是将所有对象都看作引用,而不是值。但是,如果所有对象都视为引用,那么如何创建对象的副本呢?答案是通过克隆对象。

<&#63;php
class Corporate_Drone{
 private $employeeid;
 private $tiecolor;
 function setEmployeeID($employeeid) {
 $this->employeeid = $employeeid;
 }

 function getEmployeeID() {
 return $this->employeeid;
 }
 
 function setTiecolor($tiecolor) {
 $this->tiecolor = $tiecolor;
 }
 
 function getTiecolor() {
 return $this->tiecolor;
 }
}

$drone1 = new Corporate_Drone();
$drone1->setEmployeeID("12345");
$drone1->setTiecolor("red");
$drone2 = clone $drone1;
$drone2->setEmployeeID("67890");

printf("drone1 employeeID:%d <br />",$drone1->getEmployeeID());
printf("drone1 tie color:%s <br />",$drone1->getTiecolor());
printf("drone2 employeeID:%d <br />",$drone2->getEmployeeID());
printf("drone2 tie color:%s <br />",$drone2->getTiecolor());
&#63;>

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继承。如前面所述,通过继承来构建类层次体系是OOP的关键概念。

class Employee {
 ...
}

class Executive extends Employee{
 ...
}

class CEO extends Executive{
 ...
}

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接口。接口是一些未实现的方法定义和常量的集合,相当于一种类蓝本。接口只定义了类能做什么,而不涉及实现的细节。本章介绍PHP5对接口的支持,并提供了一些展示这个强大OOP特性的例子。

<&#63;php
interface IPillage
{
 // CONST 1;
 function emptyBankAccount();
 function burnDocuments();
}

class Employee {

}

class Excutive extends Employee implements IPillage {
 private $totalStockOptions;
 function emptyBankAccount() {
 echo "Call CFO and ask to transfer funds to Swiss bank account";
 }
 function burnDocuments() {
 echo "Torch the office suite.";
 }
}

class test {
 function testIP(IPillage $ib) {
 echo $ib->emptyBankAccount();
 }
}
$excutive = new Excutive();
$test = new test();
echo $test->testIP($excutive);
&#63;>

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抽象类。抽象类实质上就是无法实例化的类。抽象类将由可实例化的类继承,后者称为具体类(concreate class)。抽象类可以完全实现、部分实现或者根本未实现。

abstract class Class_name
{
 //insert attribute definitions here
 //insert method definitions here
}
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命名空间。命名空间可根据上下文划分各种库和类,帮肋你更为有效地管理代码库。

<&#63;php
namespace Library;
class Clean {
 function printClean() {
 echo "Clean...";
 }
}
&#63;>

<&#63;php
include "test.php";
$clean = new \Library\Clean();
$clean->printClean();
&#63;>

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如果你使用过其他面向对象语言,可能会感到奇怪,为什么上述特性没有包括其他语言中熟悉的一些OOP特性?原因很简单,PHP不支持这些特性。为了让你不再感到迷惑,下面列出PHP不支持的高级OOP特性。

  • 方法重载。PHP不支持通过函数重载实现多态,根据Zend网站的讨论,可能永远都不会支持。要了解具体原因,可以查看http://www.zend.com/php/ask_experts.php
  • 操作符重载。目前不支持根据所修改数据的类型为操作符赋予新的含义。根据zend网站的讨论,将来实现这个特性的可能性也不大。
  • 多重继承。PHP不支持多重继承。但是支持实现多个接口。
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