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使用PHP uniqid函数生成唯一ID_PHP

May 28, 2016 pm 01:13 PM

生成唯一ID的应用场景非常普遍,如临时缓存文件名称,临时变量,临时安全码等,uniqid()函数基于以微秒计的当前时间,生成一个唯一的 ID。由于生成唯一ID与微秒时间关联,因此ID的唯一性非常可靠。

生成的唯一ID默认返回的字符串有 13 个字符串长,如果不定义唯一ID的前缀,最多可返回23个字符串长,如果再结合md5()函数,生成的唯一ID可靠性将更高,这种生成的ID比随机性的ID 最大优点在于可实现排序,特别是一些需要存储在数据库中的值。

一,函数原型

string uniqid ( [string prefix [, bool more_entropy]] )
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可定义唯一ID的前缀与长度

二,版本兼容

PHP 3, PHP 4, PHP 5

三,函数基础用法与实例

1,生成一个唯一ID

<&#63;php 
echo uniqid(); 
&#63;> 
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2,结合md5()函数生成一个唯一ID

<&#63;php 
echo md5(uniqid()); 
&#63;> 
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输出:dfbc5c8c6438de075da28b3c8a413fd0

3,生成多个唯一ID,由于是以微秒计

<&#63;php 
echo uniqid(); 
echo uniqid(); 
echo uniqid(); 
&#63;> 
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输出:

4bfd0e375396b
4bfd0e3753981
4bfd0e3753983

由生成的结果来看,唯一ID之间具有可排序性的。
使用uniqid()函数生成唯一ID既能用于生成临时性ID也能用于生成永久性唯一ID(存储数据库)。

ps:php 生成唯一id的几种解决方法

下面小编给大家整理了三种解决办法,具体内容如下:

1、md5(time() . mt_rand(1,1000000));

  这种方法有一定的概率会出现重复

2、php内置函数uniqid()

  uniqid() 函数基于以微秒计的当前时间,生成一个唯一的 ID.

  w3school参考手册有一句话:"由于基于系统时间,通过该函数生成的 ID 不是最佳的。如需生成绝对唯一的 ID,请使用 md5() 函数"。

  下面方法返回结果类似:5DDB650F-4389-F4A9-A100-501EF1348872

function uuid() {
  if (function_exists ( 'com_create_guid' )) {
    return com_create_guid ();
  } else {
    mt_srand ( ( double ) microtime () * 10000 ); //optional for php 4.2.0 and up.随便数播种,4.2.0以后不需要了。
    $charid = strtoupper ( md5 ( uniqid ( rand (), true ) ) ); //根据当前时间(微秒计)生成唯一id.
    $hyphen = chr ( 45 ); // "-"
    $uuid = '' . //chr(123)// "{"
substr ( $charid, 0, 8 ) . $hyphen . substr ( $charid, 8, 4 ) . $hyphen . substr ( $charid, 12, 4 ) . $hyphen . substr ( $charid, 16, 4 ) . $hyphen . substr ( $charid, 20, 12 );
    //.chr(125);// "}"
    return $uuid;
  }
}
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com_create_guid()是php自带的生成唯一id方法,php5之后貌似已经没有了。

3、官方uniqid()参考手册有用户提供的方法,结果类似:{E2DFFFB3-571E-6CFC-4B5C-9FEDAAF2EFD7}

public function create_guid($namespace = '') {  
  static $guid = '';
  $uid = uniqid("", true);
  $data = $namespace;
  $data .= $_SERVER['REQUEST_TIME'];
  $data .= $_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'];
  $data .= $_SERVER['LOCAL_ADDR'];
  $data .= $_SERVER['LOCAL_PORT'];
  $data .= $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'];
  $data .= $_SERVER['REMOTE_PORT'];
  $hash = strtoupper(hash('ripemd128', $uid . $guid . md5($data)));
  $guid = '{' . 
      substr($hash, 0, 8) .
      '-' .
      substr($hash, 8, 4) .
      '-' .
      substr($hash, 12, 4) .
      '-' .
      substr($hash, 16, 4) .
      '-' .
      substr($hash, 20, 12) .
      '}';
  return $guid;
 }
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