How to debug golang program? Debugging tool introduction

Golang is a modern programming language ideal for developing efficient, reliable, secure and high-performance applications. However, in the process of developing Golang applications, it is difficult to avoid errors and problems, and debugging tools need to be used to locate and solve these problems.

Common tools for debugging Golang applications include the following:

1. fmt package: This is Golang’s built-in package for printing debugging information. It can be used to print the values ​​of variables and functions. execution status, program control flow, etc. When using the fmt package, you need to add the import "fmt" statement to the program, and then call the fmt.Printf() function at the location that needs to be printed.

For example, by adding the following code to the Golang program, you can print out the value of variable a:

package main

import "fmt"

func main() {
   a := 10
   fmt.Printf("a=%d\n", a)
}

2. GDB: This is a general debugger that can be used Debug applications in multiple programming languages, including Golang. GDB is a command line tool that can debug Golang applications through the command line interface. When using GDB, you need to add the -g parameter when compiling the program to generate debugging information. Then, run the gdb command on the command line and specify the executable file of the application you want to debug.

For example, to debug the executable file named main in GDB, you can execute the following command:

$ gdb main

Next, you can use various commands of GDB to debug. For example, enter "break main" to set a breakpoint at the entrance of the main function, enter "run" to run the program, enter "next" to skip a line of code, enter "print variable name" to print the value of the variable, etc. .

3. Delve: This is the official debugger of Golang. It is a command line tool that can be used to debug Golang applications. Compared with GDB, Delve is easier to use and provides more functions and features. When using Delve, you need to install the tool first. You can use the go get command to download and install it from the Internet. After the installation is complete, run the dlv command in the command line and specify the executable file of the Golang application to be debugged.

For example, to debug the executable file named main in Delve, you can execute the following command:

$ dlv exec main

Next, you can use various commands of Delve to debug. For example, enter "break main.main" to set a breakpoint at the entrance of the main function, enter "continue" to continue running the program from the current location, enter "next" to skip a line of code, and enter "print variable name" to Print the value of a variable and so on.

4. Visual Studio Code: This is a modern integrated development environment (IDE) that can be used to develop and debug applications in multiple programming languages, including Golang. When using Visual Studio Code to develop Golang applications, you can use its built-in debugger to debug the program. In order to use the debugger, you need to add debugging-related configuration files to the program and use Visual Studio Code to open the directory where the program is located. Then, use the debugging related functions of Visual Studio Code to debug.

For example, add the launch.json file in the directory where the Golang program is located. The file content is as follows:

{
   "version": "0.2.0",
   "configurations": [
      {
         "name": "Launch",
         "type": "go",
         "request": "launch",
         "mode": "debug",
         "program": "${workspaceFolder}/main.go",
         "args": [],
         "env": {},
         "showLog": true
      }
   ]
}

Then, use Visual Studio Code to open the directory and click the debug button. You can start debugging the program. During the debugging process, you can use various debugging tools of Visual Studio Code to view the values ​​of variables, control the execution flow of the program, and so on.

In short, no matter which debugging tool you use, you need to patiently track the execution flow of the program and carefully analyze the values ​​of various variables and states in order to find and solve the problem. At the same time, you need to make full use of resources such as documents, forums, and communities to accumulate rich debugging experience and skills in order to better debug Golang applications.

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