Home Backend Development PHP Tutorial PHP错误机制知识汇总_PHP

PHP错误机制知识汇总_PHP

May 28, 2016 am 11:47 AM

PHP的错误机制也是非常复杂的,做了几年php,也没有仔细总结过,现在就补上这一课。

特别说明:文章的PHP版本使用5.5.32

PHP的错误级别

首先需要了解php有哪些错误。截至到php5.5,一共有16个错误级别

注意:尝试下面的代码的时候请确保打开error_log:

error_reporting(E_ALL);
ini_set('display_errors', 'On'); 
Copy after login

E_ERROR

这种错误是致命错误,会在页面显示Fatal Error, 当出现这种错误的时候,程序就无法继续执行下去了

错误示例:

// Fatal error: Call to undefined function hpinfo() in /tmp/php/index.php on line 5
hpinfo(); //E_ERROR 
Copy after login

注意,如果有未被捕获的异常,也是会触发这个级别的。

// Fatal error: Uncaught exception 'Exception' with message 'test exception' in /tmp/php/index.php:5 Stack trace: #0 {main} thrown in /tmp/php/index.php on line 5
throw new \Exception("test exception"); 
Copy after login

E_WARNING

这种错误只是警告,不会终止脚本,程序还会继续进行,显示的错误信息是Warning。比如include一个不存在的文件。

//Warning: include(a.php): failed to open stream: No such file or directory in /tmp/php/index.php on line 7
//Warning: include(): Failed opening 'a.php' for inclusion (include_path='.:/usr/share/pear:/usr/share/php') in /tmp/php/index.php on line 7
include("a.php"); //E_WARNING 
Copy after login

E_NOTICE

这种错误程度更为轻微一些,提示你这个地方不应该这么写。这个也是运行时错误,这个错误的代码可能在其他地方没有问题,只是在当前上下文情况下出现了问题。

比如$b变量不存在,我们把它赋值给另外一个变量

//Notice: Undefined variable: b in /tmp/php/index.php on line 9
$a = $b; //E_NOTICE 
Copy after login

E_PARSE

这个错误是编译时候发生的,在编译期发现语法错误,不能进行语法分析。

比如下面的z没有设置为变量。

// Parse error: syntax error, unexpected '=' in /tmp/php/index.php on line 20
z=1; // E_PARSE 
Copy after login

E_STRICT

这个错误是PHP5之后引入的,你的代码可以运行,但是不是PHP建议的写法。

比如在函数形参传递++符号

// Strict Standards: Only variables should be passed by reference in /tmp/php/index.php on line 17
function change (&$var) {
$var += 10;
}
$var = 1;
change(++$var);
// E_STRICT 
Copy after login

E_RECOVERABLE_ERROR

这个级别其实是ERROR级别的,但是它是期望被捕获的,如果没有被错误处理捕获,表现和E_ERROR是一样的。

经常出现在形参定义了类型,但调用的时候传入了错误类型。它的错误提醒也比E_ERROR的fatal error前面多了一个Catachable的字样。

//Catchable fatal error: Argument 1 passed to testCall() must be an instance of A, instance of B given, called in /tmp/php/index.php on line 37 and defined in /tmp/php/index.php on line 33
class A {
}
class B {
}
function testCall(A $a) {
}
$b = new B();
testCall($b); 
Copy after login

E_DEPRECATED

这个错误表示你用了一个旧版本的函数,而这个函数后期版本可能被禁用或者不维护了。

比如curl的CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS使用\@FILENAME来上传文件的方法

// Deprecated: curl_setopt(): The usage of the @filename API for file uploading is deprecated. Please use the CURLFile class instead in /tmp/php/index.php on line 42
$ch = curl_init("http://www.remotesite.com/upload.php");
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, array('fileupload' => '@'. "test")); 
Copy after login

E_CORE_ERROR, E_CORE_WARNING

这两个错误是由PHP的引擎产生的,在PHP初始化过程中发生。

E_COMPILE_ERROR, E_COMPILE_WARNING

这两个错误是由PHP引擎产生的,在编译过程中发生。

E_USER_ERROR, E_USER_WARNING, E_USER_NOTICE, E_USER_DEPRECATED,

这些错误都是用户制造的,使用trigger_error,这里就相当于一个口子给用户触发出各种错误类型。这个是一个很好逃避try catch异常的方式。

trigger_error("Cannot divide by zero", E_USER_ERROR);
// E_USER_ERROR
// E_USER_WARING
// E_USER_NOTICE
// E_USER_DEPRECATED 
Copy after login

E_ALL

E_STRICT出外的所有错误和警告信息。

错误控制

php中有很多配置和参数是可以控制错误,以及错误的日志显示的。第一步,我们需要了解的是php中的有关错误的配置有哪些?

我们按照php+php-fpm的模型来说,会影响php错误显示的其实是有两个配置文件,一个是php本身的配置文件php.ini,另外一个是php-fpm的配置文件,php-fpm.conf。

php.ini中的配置

error_reporting = E_ALL // 报告错误级别,什么级别的
error_log = /tmp/php_errors.log // php中的错误显示的日志位置
display_errors = On // 是否把错误展示在输出上,这个输出可能是页面,也可能是stdout
display_startup_errors = On // 是否把启动过程的错误信息显示在页面上,记得上面说的有几个Core类型的错误是启动时候发生的,这个就是控制这些错误是否显示页面的。
log_errors = On // 是否要记录错误日志
log_errors_max_len = 1024 // 错误日志的最大长度
ignore_repeated_errors = Off // 是否忽略重复的错误
track_errors = Off // 是否使用全局变量$php_errormsg来记录最后一个错误
xmlrpc_errors = 0 //是否使用XML-RPC的错误信息格式记录错误
xmlrpc_error_number = 0 // 用作 XML-RPC faultCode 元素的值。
html_errors = On // 是否把输出中的函数等信息变为HTML链接
docref_root = http://manual/en/ // 如果html_errors开启了,这个链接的根路径是什么
fastcgi.logging = 0 // 是否把php错误抛出到fastcgi中 
Copy after login

我们经常会被问到,error_reporting和display_errors有什么区别呢?这两个函数是完全不一样的。

PHP默认是会在日志和标准输出(如果是fpm模式标准输出就是页面)

error_reporting的参数是错误级别。表示什么样子的级别才应该触发错误。如果我们告诉PHP,所有错误级别都不需要触发错误,那么,不管是日志,还是页面,都不会显示这个错误,就相当于什么都没有发生。

display_errors是控制是否要在标准输出展示错误信息

log_errors则是控制是否要在日志中记录错误信息。

error_log是显示错误日志的位置,这个在php-fpm中往往会被重写,于是往往会发现的是cli和fpm的错误日志竟然不是在同一个文件中。

ignore_repeated_errors这个标记控制的是如果有重复的日志,那么就只会记录一条,比如下面的程序:

error_reporting(E_ALL);
ini_set('ignore_repeated_errors', 1);
ini_set('ignore_repeated_source', 1);

$a = $c; $a = $c; //E_NOTICE
//Notice: Undefined variable: c in /tmp/php/index.php on line 20 
Copy after login

本来会出现两次NOTICE的,但是现在,只会出现一次了...

track_errors开启会把最后一个错误信息存储到变量里面去,这个可能在对记日志的时候会有一些用处吧。不过我觉得真是没啥用...

html_errors 和 docref_root 两个是个挺有人性化的配置,配置了这两个参数以后,我们返回的错误信息中如果有一些在文档中有的信息,就会变成链接形式。

error_reporting(E_ALL);
ini_set('html_errors', 1);
ini_set('docref_root', "https://secure.php.net/manual/zh/");
include("a2.php"); //E_WARNING 
Copy after login

页面显示:

能让你快速定位到我们出现错误的地方。是不是很人性~

php-fpm中的配置

error_log = /var/log/php-fpm/error.log // php-fpm自身的日志
log_level = notice // php-fpm自身的日志记录级别
php_flag[display_errors] = off // 覆盖php.ini中的某个配置变量,可被程序中的ini_set覆盖
php_value[display_errors] = off // 同php_flag
php_admin_value[error_log] = /tmp/www-error.log // 覆盖php.ini中的某个配置变量,不可被程序中的ini_set覆盖
php_admin_flag[log_errors] = on // 同php_admin_value
catch_workers_output = yes // 是否抓取fpmworker的输出
request_slowlog_timeout = 0 // 慢日志时长
slowlog = /var/log/php-fpm/www-slow.log // 慢日志记录 
Copy after login

php-fpm的配置中也有一个error_log配置,这个很经常会和php.ini中的error_log配置弄混。但他们记录的东西是不一样的,

php-fpm的error_log只记录php-fpm本身的日志,比如fpm启动,关闭。

而php.ini中的error_log是记录php程序本身的错误日志。

那么在php-fpm中要覆盖php.ini中的error_log配置,就需要使用到下面几个函数:

•php_flag
•php_value
•php_admin_flag
•php_admin_value

这四个函数admin的两个函数说明这个变量设置完之后,不能在代码中使用ini_set把这个变量重新赋值了。而php_flag/value就仍然以php代码中的ini_set为准。

slowlog是fpm记录的,可以使用request_slowlog_timeout设置判断慢日志的时长。

总结

我们经常弄混的就是日志问题,以及某些级别的日志为何没有记录到日志中。最主要的是要看error_log,display_errors, log_errors这三个配置,只是在看配置的时候,我们还要注意区分php.ini里面的配置是什么,php-fpm.ini里面的配置是什么。

好吧,我觉得弄懂这些配置,基本就没有php日志记录不了的WTF的问题了。

关于PHP错误机制知识汇总小编就给大家介绍到这里,希望对大家有所帮助!

Statement of this Website
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap

Video Face Swap

Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1

Notepad++7.3.1

Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version

SublimeText3 Chinese version

Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6

Dreamweaver CS6

Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version

SublimeText3 Mac version

God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

Explain JSON Web Tokens (JWT) and their use case in PHP APIs. Explain JSON Web Tokens (JWT) and their use case in PHP APIs. Apr 05, 2025 am 12:04 AM

JWT is an open standard based on JSON, used to securely transmit information between parties, mainly for identity authentication and information exchange. 1. JWT consists of three parts: Header, Payload and Signature. 2. The working principle of JWT includes three steps: generating JWT, verifying JWT and parsing Payload. 3. When using JWT for authentication in PHP, JWT can be generated and verified, and user role and permission information can be included in advanced usage. 4. Common errors include signature verification failure, token expiration, and payload oversized. Debugging skills include using debugging tools and logging. 5. Performance optimization and best practices include using appropriate signature algorithms, setting validity periods reasonably,

How does session hijacking work and how can you mitigate it in PHP? How does session hijacking work and how can you mitigate it in PHP? Apr 06, 2025 am 12:02 AM

Session hijacking can be achieved through the following steps: 1. Obtain the session ID, 2. Use the session ID, 3. Keep the session active. The methods to prevent session hijacking in PHP include: 1. Use the session_regenerate_id() function to regenerate the session ID, 2. Store session data through the database, 3. Ensure that all session data is transmitted through HTTPS.

Describe the SOLID principles and how they apply to PHP development. Describe the SOLID principles and how they apply to PHP development. Apr 03, 2025 am 12:04 AM

The application of SOLID principle in PHP development includes: 1. Single responsibility principle (SRP): Each class is responsible for only one function. 2. Open and close principle (OCP): Changes are achieved through extension rather than modification. 3. Lisch's Substitution Principle (LSP): Subclasses can replace base classes without affecting program accuracy. 4. Interface isolation principle (ISP): Use fine-grained interfaces to avoid dependencies and unused methods. 5. Dependency inversion principle (DIP): High and low-level modules rely on abstraction and are implemented through dependency injection.

What are Enumerations (Enums) in PHP 8.1? What are Enumerations (Enums) in PHP 8.1? Apr 03, 2025 am 12:05 AM

The enumeration function in PHP8.1 enhances the clarity and type safety of the code by defining named constants. 1) Enumerations can be integers, strings or objects, improving code readability and type safety. 2) Enumeration is based on class and supports object-oriented features such as traversal and reflection. 3) Enumeration can be used for comparison and assignment to ensure type safety. 4) Enumeration supports adding methods to implement complex logic. 5) Strict type checking and error handling can avoid common errors. 6) Enumeration reduces magic value and improves maintainability, but pay attention to performance optimization.

How to debug CLI mode in PHPStorm? How to debug CLI mode in PHPStorm? Apr 01, 2025 pm 02:57 PM

How to debug CLI mode in PHPStorm? When developing with PHPStorm, sometimes we need to debug PHP in command line interface (CLI) mode...

How to automatically set permissions of unixsocket after system restart? How to automatically set permissions of unixsocket after system restart? Mar 31, 2025 pm 11:54 PM

How to automatically set the permissions of unixsocket after the system restarts. Every time the system restarts, we need to execute the following command to modify the permissions of unixsocket: sudo...

How to send a POST request containing JSON data using PHP's cURL library? How to send a POST request containing JSON data using PHP's cURL library? Apr 01, 2025 pm 03:12 PM

Sending JSON data using PHP's cURL library In PHP development, it is often necessary to interact with external APIs. One of the common ways is to use cURL library to send POST�...

See all articles