Home Database Mysql Tutorial 为什么 MySQL 回滚事务也会导致 ibd 文件增大?_MySQL

为什么 MySQL 回滚事务也会导致 ibd 文件增大?_MySQL

May 27, 2016 pm 01:46 PM
affairs document

一个简单的测试: 

 

start transaction;

insert into tb1 values(3, repeat('a', 65000),'x',1);

--commit;

rollback;

 

下图分别是 tb1.ibd 在插入前,回滚前,回滚后的文件大小:

 

有人在QQ群问:为什么回滚会导致tb1.idb的磁盘空间增大?

 

首先:131072-98304=163840-131072=32768

 

这里要存储 65000 个字符'a' ,那么字段类型应该是 text. 而 text 字段的处理是很特别的:

 

Each BLOB or TEXT value is represented internally by a separately allocated object. This is in contrast

to all other data types, for which storage is allocated once per column when the table is opened.

也就是说对于 text/blob 字段来说,它们是另外分配了一个专门的对象来存储,对它们的处理不会在内存中进行缓存,而是直接写入磁盘中。所以未提交时,就可以看到 tb1.idb 发生了增长。

 

而对于 insert 操作的 rollback,那么必须将之前插入的数据进行 delete 操作,而 delete 操作是逻辑操作,也就是设置一个标志位就行了,于是又分配了一个专门的对象来存储这个设置了删除标志的对象。于是磁盘空间增长了两次(暂时只能这么解释了...),每次都是 32768字节(2的15次方)。一旦提交或者rollback,磁盘空间就可以被回收。

 

为什么是 32768呢?

 

text的最大存储空间是 65656 个字节,每次分配的最小单位是 32768字节。

 

也就是 insert 和 rollback 都导致了一次 text 字段磁盘空间的增长分配,而分配的最小单位是32768.

 

如何你将  repeat('a',65000) 换成:  repeat('a',65535) 在进行测试,你会发现,insert 时,tb1.idb会增长65536,在执行rollback时也会导致 tb1.idb 再次增长32768。

 

所以应该是 rollback 会导致 text 字段另外分配一次空间,而分配的最小单位是32768。可能和 text 字段的存储结构有关系。这个需要看源码了。

 

测试表明,其它非 text 字段的 rollback 操作,不会导致 ibd 文件增大。

 

测试建表语句如下:

 

mysql> show create table tb1\G

*************************** 1. row ***************************

       Table: tb1

Create Table: CREATE TABLE `tb1` (

  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,

  `webtext` text COLLATE utf8mb4_bin,

  `tp` varchar(2) COLLATE utf8mb4_bin DEFAULT NULL,

  `se` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,

  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)

) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=8 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_bin

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

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