MySQL中distinct与group by语句的一些比较及用法讲解_MySQL
在数据表中记录了用户验证时使用的书目,现在想取出所有书目,用DISTINCT和group by都取到了我想要的结果,但我发现返回结果排列不同,distinct会按数据存放顺序一条条显示,而group by会做个排序(一般是ASC)。
DISTINCT 实际上和 GROUP BY 操作的实现非常相似,只不过是在 GROUP BY 之后的每组中只取出一条记录而已。所以,DISTINCT 的实现和 GROUP BY 的实现也基本差不多,没有太大的区别,同样可以通过松散索引扫描或者是紧凑索引扫描来实现。
那DISTINCT 和GROUP BY哪个效率更高?
DISTINCT操作只需要找出所有不同的值就可以了。而GROUP BY操作还要为其他聚集函数进行准备工作。从这一点上将,GROUP BY操作做的工作应该比DISTINCT所做的工作要多一些。
但实际上,GROUP BY 效率会更高点,为什么呢?对于DISTINCT操作,它会读取了所有记录,而GROUP BY需要读取的记录数量与分组的组数量一样多,也就是说比实际存在的记录数目要少很多。
下面来看MySQL中distinct及group by的一些用法分享。
CREATE TABLE `student` ( `name` varchar(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '', `age` int(10) DEFAULT '0' ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
1.测试一
select * from student;
a 5 a 5 c 0
用distinct过滤掉两列都相同的记录
select distinct name,age from student;
返回
a 5 c 0
2.测试二
将表student的数据改为如下:
select * from student;
c 2 c 5
select distinct name,age from student;
返回如下,说明distinct后面有多于一列的字段时,只有每列的值完全相同才过滤
c 2 c 5
3.测试三
select * from student;
name age height c 2 123 c 2 456 b 20 222
group by按两列同时分组
select name,age,sum(height) from student group by name,age;
b 20 222 c 2 579
group by按两列同时分组,同时在后面加上having的条件
select name,age,sum(height) as n from student group by name,age having n > 500;
返回
c 2 579
4.测试四
关于group by后面limit的测试
代码如下:
select songname,sengerid,count(sengerid) as n from t_song group by songname,sengerid having n > 1 ORDER BY n DESC,songid ASC limit 10;
未知 8738 40 共同渡过 1432 24 风继续吹 1432 23 倩女幽魂 1432 23 无心睡眠 1432 23 罗百吉超嗨派对连续组曲 780 19 拒绝再玩 1432 19 风再起时 1432 18 每天爱你多一些 1480 18 千言万语 1794 18
代码如下:
select songname,sengerid,count(sengerid) as n from t_song group by songname,sengerid having n > 1 ORDER BY n DESC,songid ASC limit 5;
未知 8738 40 共同渡过 1432 24 风继续吹 1432 23 倩女幽魂 1432 23 无心睡眠 1432 23
经过以上两个测试可以看出,如果sql语句中含有limit,limit是对用group by进行分组,并进行相关计算以后的limit操作,而不是对limit后面的指定记录数进行分组,从n那一列的数据每一行的值都大于10就可以看出来。
5.测试五
用以下的两种形式的distinct均可以得到相同的记录数,写法不一样,结果是一样的。
select count(distinct(songid)) from feedback; select count(distinct songid) from feedback;
6.测试六
field singername is string,max(singername),如果singername有些列为空,有些列不为空,则max(singername)取非空的值,如果一列为zxx,一列为lady,则取zxx,按字母顺利取的。
代码如下:
select feedback_id,songid,songname,max(singername),max(time) as new_time from feedback group by songid order by new_time desc;
7.Sql语句中where,group by,order by及limit的顺序
where xxx,group by xxx,order by xxx,limit xxx
8.关于group by与count的问题
如果sql语句中含有group by,则最好不要将count sql转换为select count(*) from xxx,否则select与from之间的字段很有可能是后面要使用的,例如
代码如下:
select feedback_id,songid,songname,max(singername),max(time) as new_time from feedback group by songid order by new_time desc;
代码如下:
MySQL Query Error: SELECT COUNT(*) FROM feedback GROUP BY songid ORDER BY new_time DESC Error Info:Unknown column 'new_time' in 'order clause'
以上就是MySQL中distinct与group by语句的一些比较及用法讲解_MySQL的内容,更多相关内容请关注PHP中文网(www.php.cn)!

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